List of Mexican states by date of statehood

The 31 states of the United Mexican States.

This is a list of Mexican states by date of statehood, that is, the date when each state was accepted by Congress of the Union as a free and sovereign state of the United Mexican States.

Background

The effective independence of Mexico reached on September 27, 1821, does not meant the independence of the states, because Mexico was the only Latin American country which became independent from Spain as a monarchy. After the fall of the Mexican Empire, the Federal Republic was established on July 12, 1823.[1]

Although 18 of the 19 founder states can be considered official members of the federation since the enactment of the Constitutive Act of the Mexican Federation on January 31, 1824; eleven of them were ratified as states before the enactment and some of the others were included as three states (the internal States of North, Western and Eastern).6 7 Tamaulipas, Tabasco and Chiapas were ratified after the enactment of the act.8

All the later admission dates were set by law or decree of congress, except for Chiapas, whose admission was determined by its own people in a referendum.[2]

List

This list does not account the secession of several states during the establishment of the Centralist Republic and the territorial changes made during the civil and foreign wars.

# State Admission1 Preceding Entity2[3]
1 México December 20, 1823[4] Intendancy of México, then Province of México
2 Guanajuato December 20, 1823[4] Intendancy of Guanajuato, then Province of Guanajuato
3 Oaxaca December 21, 1823[4] Intendancy of Oaxaca, then Province of Oaxaca
4 Puebla December 21, 1823[4] Intendancy of Puebla, then Province of Puebla de los Angeles
5 Michoacán December 22, 1823[4] Intendancy of Valladolid, then Province of Valladolid
6 San Luis Potosí December 22, 1823[4] Intendancy of San Luis Potosí, then San Luis Potosí
7 Veracruz December 22, 1823[4] Intendancy of Veracruz, then Province of Veracruz
8 Yucatán3 December 23, 1823[4] Captaincy General of Yucatán, Intendancy of Yucatán, Province of Mérida de Yucatán and then Republic of Yucatán
9 Jalisco December 23, 1823[4] Nueva Galicia, Intendancy of Guadalajara, Province of Guadalajara
10 Zacatecas December 23, 1823[4] Nueva Galicia, Intendancy of los Zacatecas, Province of Zacatecas
11 Querétaro December 23, 1823[4] Intendancy of México, then Province of Querétaro
12 Sonora4 January 10, 1824[4] Nueva Navarra, Province of Sonora
13 Tabasco February 7, 1824[5] Split off from Veracruz and Yucatán
14 Tamaulipas February 7, 1824[4] Nuevo Santander, then Province of Santander
15 Nuevo León May 7, 1824[6] New Kingdom of León, then Province of New Kingdom of León
16 Coahuila5 May 7, 1824[7] Nueva Extremadura, then Province of Coahuila
17 Durango May 22, 1824[8] Nueva Vizcaya, then Province of Nueva Vizcaya
18 Chihuahua July 6, 1824[9] Nueva Vizcaya, then Province of Nueva Vizcaya
19 Chiapas September 14, 1824[2] Captaincy General of Guatemala, then Province of Guatemala
20 Sinaloa October 14, 1830[10] Split off from Estado de Occidente
21 Guerrero October 27, 1849[11] Formed from parts of México, Puebla and Michoacán
22 Tlaxcala December 9, 1856[12] Territory of Tlaxcala
23 Colima December 9, 1856[13] Territory of Colima
24 Aguascalientes February 5, 1857[14] Territory of Aguascalientes
25 Campeche April 29, 1863[15] Territory of Campeche, split off from Yucatán
26 Hidalgo January 16, 1869[16] Split off from México
27 Morelos April 17, 1869[17] Split off from México
28 Nayarit January 26, 1917[18] Territory of Tepic
29 Baja California January 16, 1952[19] North Territory of Baja California
30 Quintana Roo October 8, 1974[20] Territory of Quintana Roo, split off from Yucatán
31 Baja California Sur October 8, 1974[21] South Territory of Baja California

Notes

1.^ The order of the states admitted the same day was determined by the day of the installation of its congress.
2.^ The intendancies were created in 1776 under the Viceroyalty of New Spain. The provinces were created as part of the territorial administration of the Mexican Empire.
3.^ Yucatán joined to the federation as the Federated Republic of Yucatán (Spanish: República Federada de Yucatán).[22]
4.^ Sonora joined to the federation along with Sinaloa as Estado de Occidente, also recognized as Sonora y Sinaloa.
5.^ Coahuila joined to the federation along with Texas as Coahuila y Tejas.
6.^ Estado Interno del Norte (north) was formed with Durango, Chihuahua and Nuevo México. Estado Interno de Oriente (eastern) was formed with Coahuila, Nuevo León and Texas. Estado Interno de Occidente (western) was formed with Sonora y Sinaloa. Only the Western State was finally ratified in the Constitution of 1824 and the other two states were divided in different states and federal territories.
7.^ The Mexican Federation was finally composed of 19 states, the Federal District and the federal territories of Alta California, Baja California, Santa Fe de Nuevo México, Colima and Tlaxcala.
8.^ Tamaulipas and Tabasco were included in the act as a state, but congress ratified its admission on February 7.

References

  1. ^ "Voto del Soberano Congreso Constituyente por la forma de República Federada". Retrieved September 17, 2011.
  2. ^ a b "Se une Chiapas a México". Retrieved September 17, 2011.
  3. ^ "NUEVA ESPAÑA, SIGLOS XVII Y XVIII" (PDF). Retrieved September 17, 2011.[permanent dead link‍]
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m BENSON, Nettie Lee (1994). La diputación provincial y el federalismo mexicano. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. pp. 224–228. ISBN 968-12-0586-3.
  5. ^ "Congreso de Tabasco" (PDF). p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 3, 2011. Retrieved September 17, 2011.
  6. ^ "Historia del Congreso del Estado de Nuevo León". Retrieved September 17, 2011.
  7. ^ "Se separa Coahuila..." Retrieved September 17, 2011.
  8. ^ "Decreto. Se declara á Durango Estado de la federación". Retrieved September 17, 2011.
  9. ^ "Decreto. Se declara á Chihuahua Estado de la federación, y á Nuevo-México territorio de la misma". Retrieved September 17, 2011.
  10. ^ "Ley. Reglas para la división del Estado de Sonora y Sinaloa". Retrieved September 17, 2011.
  11. ^ "Decreto de creación del Estado de Guerrero". Retrieved September 17, 2011.
  12. ^ "Tlaxcala". Archived from the original on December 3, 2011. Retrieved September 17, 2011.
  13. ^ "Decreto No. 345" (PDF). Retrieved September 17, 2011.
  14. ^ "La Gaceta Parlamentaria" (PDF). p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 14, 2011. Retrieved September 17, 2011.
  15. ^ "Efemerides / Campeche". Archived from the original on October 26, 2011. Retrieved September 17, 2011.
  16. ^ "Ereccion del Estado de Hidalgo". Retrieved September 17, 2011.
  17. ^ "Se crea el Estado de Morelos". Archived from the original on October 7, 2011. Retrieved September 17, 2011.
  18. ^ "Bienvenidos a Tepic". Archived from the original on August 20, 2011. Retrieved September 17, 2011.
  19. ^ "Transformación Política de Territorio Norte de la Baja California a Estado 29". Retrieved September 17, 2011.
  20. ^ "Historia". Archived from the original on August 17, 2011. Retrieved September 17, 2011.
  21. ^ "Baja California Sur". Archived from the original on September 29, 2011. Retrieved September 17, 2011.
  22. ^ "La historia de la República de Yucatán".

See also