List of German abbreviations

This list of German abbreviations includes abbreviations, acronyms and initialisms found in the German language. Because German words can be famously long, use of abbreviation is particularly common. Even the language's shortest words are often abbreviated, such as the conjunction und (and) written just as "u." This article covers standard abbreviations in colloquial and official use. It does not include abbreviations that are important historically but no longer in common usage, such as k. u. k. for Imperial and Royal and OKW for Oberkommando der Wehrmacht.

Types

As in English or Latin, German written abbreviations consist of a letter, letters or partial words shortened from a longer word or phrase, such as etc. for et cetera. Acronyms are a type of abbreviation pronounced as a single word, such as Laser. Initialisms are abbreviations in which each initial in the abbreviation is pronounced separately, such as FBI. It is unsettled question in English style guides whether the word acronym can be used to also describe initialisms. This list makes a distinction between the types because of the way German-speakers create, use and pronounce them.

  • Abbreviations: German written abbreviations are often punctuated and are pronounced as the full word when read aloud, such as beispielsweise for bspw. ("for example"). Unlike English, which is moving away from periods in abbreviations in some style guides, the placement of capital letters and periods is important in German.[1]
  • Acronyms are abbreviations consisting of initials of words in the original phrase, written without periods, and pronounced as if they were a single word. Examples that have made their way into German from English include Laser or NATO. In German, acronyms retain the grammatical gender of their primary noun.[1]
  • Syllable words (German: Silbenkurzwörter), or syllabic abbreviation or clipping, is a particularly German method of creating an abbreviation by combining the first two or more letters of each word to form a single word. An example is the gummy bear brand Haribo, which is derived from the name of its creator Hans Riegel and the city where it was created, Bonn. A number of German syllable words have made it into English usage, such as Adidas, from company founder Adi Dassler, and Gestapo for Geheime StaatsPolizei (Secret State Police). Although used and pronounced as words in their own right, according to Helmut Glück they are classified as acronyms.[2]
  • Initialism is a type of abbreviation consisting of the initials of each word in a phrase, almost always capitalized, and pronounced separately. In German they are never punctuated. Examples include EU for European Union and DDR for German Democratic Republic. Initialisms are typically found in commercial, government, legal, medical, scientific and technical uses. In German, initialisms retain the grammatical gender of their primary noun.[1]

Key to sources in tables

These sources apply to all three tables. In special cases an entry will be additionally referenced.

Key Source Dates Type Citation
L Langenscheidt's Compact German Dictionary 1993, 2003 Reference work [3]
Da Dartmouth College Department of German 2019 academic website [1]
DW Deutsche Welle 2015, 2020 Public broadcaster [4][5][6]
T ThoughtCo, via Dotdash 2020 Listicle [7]
F FluentU, based on abkuerzungen.de [2] 2018 Blog [8]

List of German abbreviations

This is a selection of standard written abbreviations and symbols in German. The primary reference is Langenscheidt with additional sources providing more current uses and an indication of their popularity. German abbreviations are pronounced just like the full word or phrase when read aloud. Measurements are normally reduced to initials, written in lowercase, and without punctuation. Measurements of capacity in cooking can be uppercase.[1]

Abbreviation German English Equivalent Notes Sources
⌀ Durchschnitt average [9]
€ Euro Euro T
* geboren (geb.) born T
† gestorben (gest.) died T
Abzw. Abzweigung diversion F
am. amerikanisch American adjective L, T
amtl. amtlich official L, T
Anh. Anhang appendix L, T
Ank. Ankunft arrival L, T
Anl. Anlage enclosure L, T
Anm. Anmerkung note L, T
anschl. anschließend following L
a.o. außerordentlicher Professor Associate professor L
App. Apartment/Wohnung apartment accommodations/real estate L, T, F
App. Apparat extension telephone L
a.Rh. am Rhein on the Rhine in place names L, T
Art. Artikel article L
Aufl. Auflage edition books L, T
Ausg. Ausgabe copy books L
AW Antwort Re:, in reply email T
B Bundesstraße Federal highway German and Austrian national highways L
b. bei at, with, near, c/o L, T
Bd., Bde. Band, Bände volume(s) books L, T
beil. beiliegend enclosed letters L, T
bes. besonders especially L, T
best. bestimmt definite typically seen in dictionaries, as in definite article [10]
bspw. beispielsweise for example Da, F
Best.-Nr. Bestellnummer order number L, T
Betr. Betreff Re:, regarding L, T
Bev. Bevölkerung pop., population L
Bez. Bezeichnung term, designation L, T
Bezirk district local government
Bio. Billion trillion (1012) The German language uses the long scale. Modern English "billion" (109) is Milliard.
Bhf. Bahnhof railroad station L, T
brit. britisch British L
b.w. bitte wenden please turn over common way to close an email message to friends L, T, F
bzgl. bezüglich with reference to relating to, regarding L, T
bzw. beziehungsweise respectively meaning varies in context, can also be: and/or, but, rather, alternatively, more specifically L, Da, DW, T, F
ca. circa, ungefähr, etwa circa, about, approximately L, T
Chr. Christus Christ T
cm Zentimeter centimetre L, Da
d.Ä. der Ältere senior, the elder, Sr. also see d.J. below L, T
dazw. dazwischen between them F
ders. derselbe the same [citation needed]
desgl. desgleichen likewise, ditto F
dF, dtF deutsche Fassung German [dubbed] version films etc. T
dgl. dergleichen/desgleichen the like L, T, Da
d.h. das heißt i.e., that is L, T
d.i. das ist i.e., that is L
Di Dienstag Tuesday date/time L, T
Dipl. Diplom Diplom diploma (an academic degree in the German-speaking countries) L
Dipl.-Ing. Diplom-Ingenieur engineering diploma, cf. MEng, MSc, M.S. L, T
Dipl.-Kfm. Diplom-Kaufmann business degree, cf. Master of Business Administration T
Dir. Direktion administrative office T
Dir. Direktor administrator, manager, principal L, T
Dir. Dirigent conductor of music T
d.J. der Jüngere junior, the younger, Jr. also see d.Ä. above L, T
d.M. dieses Monats of this month L, F
d.O. die (das) Obige the above-mentioned L
d.o. dito ditto L, F
Do Donnerstag Thursday date/time L, T
Dr. Doktor Doctor L
Dr. med. Doktor der Medizin M.D., medical doctorate L, T
Dr. phil. Doktor der Philosophie Ph.D., Doctor of Philosophy L, T
Dr. sc. nat. Doktor der Naturwissenschaften Sc. D., Doctor of Science L
dt. deutsch German as an adjective L, T
Dtzd. Dutzend dozen L, T
e.h. ehrenhalber hon., honorary degree, etc. L, T
ehem. ehemals/ehemalig formerly/former L, T
eigtl. eigentlich actually, really L, T
einschl. einschließlich including, inclusive L, T
engl. englisch English as an adjective L
EL Esslöffel tbsp., tablespoon in recipes T, Da
E-Literatur erhobene Literatur serious literature T
E-Musik erhobene Musik classical music T
entspr. entsprechend corresponding, accordingly L, T
erb. erbaut built, erected L, T
Erw. Erwachsene adult(s) noun L, T
erw. erweitert expanded, extended T
ev. evangelisch Evangelical (a Protestant church) adjective L, T
e.V. eingetragener Verein registered organization (not-for-profit organization) Da, L, T
evtl. eventuell perhaps, possible/possibly, potential(ly) adjective or adverb; note this does not mean "eventually" Da, L, T
e.Wz. eingetragenes Warenzeichen registered trademark T
exkl. exklusive excluding, exclusive of L, T
f. für for DW
f./ff. folgende Seite(n) and following page(s) L, F
Fa. Firma company, firm L, T
Fam. Familie family L, T
FdH Friss die Hälfte eat half Popular German dieting practice which recommends eating only half of what one would usually eat during a typical day. Fressen is a verb normally reserved for animals; used of people, it implies gorging oneself. DW
F.f., Forts. f. Fortsetzung folgt to be continued L, T
Ffm. Frankfurt am Main T
FKK Freikörperkultur Free Body Culture nudist movement with a long history in Germany L, DW
Fr Freitag Friday date/time L, T, DW
Fr. Frau Mrs./Ms. In modern usage any woman age 18 or above is addressed as Frau, whether married or not. L, T, DW
fr. frei free DW
Frl. Fräulein Miss In modern usage any woman age 18 or above is addressed as Frau, whether married or not. L, T
Frfr. Freifrau wife of a Freiherr, former title of nobility, equivalent to Baroness (since 1919 part of the surname in Germany, banned in Austria) DW
frz. französisch French as an adjective L, T
g Gramm gram, grams L, T
geb. geboren, geborene born, né(e) L, T, Da, F
Gebr. Gebrüder Bros., brothers L, T
gedr. gedruckt printed T
gegr. gegründet established, founded L, T
gek. gekürzt abridged of books L, T
Ges. Gesellschaft association, company, society L, T
gesch. geschieden divorced L, T, DW
geschl. geschlossen closed DW
geschr. geschrieben written DW
ges.gesch. gesetzlich geschützt patented (lit. 'legally protected') L, DW
gest. gestorben died, deceased L, T
gez. gezeichnet signed L, T
ggf./ggfs. gegebenenfalls if applicable, if required L, T, Da
GmbH Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung limited liability company GesmbH in Austria L, T
gGmbH gemeinnützige GmbH nonprofit organization (lit. 'publicly beneficial limited company') L
ha Hektar hectare L, T
Hbf. Hauptbahnhof central railway station L, T
hpts. hauptsächlich mainly T
Hptst. Hauptstadt capital city T
Hr./Hrn. Herr/Herrn Mr form of address L, T
Hrsg. Herausgeber editor, edited by L, T
i.A. im Auftrag per, as per often at the bottom of an official letter when somebody signs on behalf of somebody else L, T
i.b. im besonderen in particular L, T
i.B. im Breisgau in Breisgau used in place names, e.g. Freiburg i.B. T
IC Intercityzug InterCity train T
ICE Intercity-Expresszug Intercity Express T
i.D. im Durchschnitt on average L, F
i.H. im Hause in-house, on the premises T
i.J. im Jahre in the year L, T
Ing. Ingenieur engineer title L, T
Inh. Inhaber owner, proprietor L, T
Inh. Inhalt contents books L, T
inkl. inklusive including, inclusive of L, T
i.R. im Ruhestand ret., retired L, T
i.V. in Vertretung by proxy, on behalf of T
in Vorbereitung in preparation
im Vorjahr in the previous year L, T
inzw. inzwischen in the meantime F
jew. jeweils each, each of, each time
Jh. Jahrhundert century L, T, F
JH Jugendherberge youth hostel T
jhrl. jährlich annual(ly), yearly date/time L, T
JWD janz weit draußen way out there Berliner dialect for "in the middle of nowhere" DW
k.A. keine Angabe not rated films etc. T
Kap. Kapitel chapter L, T
kath. katholisch Catholic adjective L, T
Kfm. Kaufmann merchant, businessman, dealer, agent L, T
kfm. kaufmännisch commercial L, T
Kfz Kraftfahrzeug motor vehicle L, T
kg Kilogramm kilogram L, F
kgl. königlich royal L, T
Kl. Klasse class e.g. 1. Kl. "first class" L, T
km Kilometer kilometer L, F
kompl. komplette complete F
kW Kilowatt kilowatt L, F
l Liter liter L, T, Da
l. links left L, F
led. ledig unmarried L, F
LG Liebe Grüsse loving regards common way to close an email message to friends DW
LKW/Lkw Lastkraftwagen truck, lorry also used for sport utility vehicle L, T
L.m.a.A Leck mich am Arsch lick my ass Known as the Swabian salute, via Goethe and Mozart[11] DW
m Meter meter length L, F
mm Millimeter millimeter L, F
MA Mittlealter Middle Ages L, T
m.a.W. mit anderen Worten in other words L, F
max. maximal maximum L
m.E. meines Erachtens in my opinion L, T, Da, F
MfG Mit freundlichen Grüßen with friendly regards (lit. 'greetings') for formal emails, the standard way of closing a German business letter DW, T, F
Mi Mittwoch Wednesday date/time L, T
Mil. Million(en) million(s) L
Mio. L, T
m.M./m.M.n. meiner Meinung/meiner Meinung nach in my opinion F, DW
Mo Montag Monday date/time L, T
möbl. möbliert furnished accommodation/real estate L, T
Mrd. Milliarde(n) billion(s) (109) The German language uses the long scale. German Billion means "trillion" (1012). L, T
Msp. Messerspitze pinch (lit. 'knife tip') quantity in recipes T
mtl. monatlich monthly date/time L, T
mdl. mündlich verbal L
m.ü.M. Meter über dem Meerespiegel meters above sea level L
m.W. meines Wissens to my knowledge, as far as I know L, T, F
MwSt., Mw.-St. Mehrwertsteuer VAT, Value-Added Tax In Switzerland, MWST L, T
N Nord(en) north compass point L, T
n. nach after L
näml. nämlich namely, viz., i.e. L, T
n.Chr. nach Christus AD, anno Domini dates L, T, Da
n.J. nächsten Jahres next year L
NNO Nordnordost north-northeast compass point T
NNW Nordnordwest north-northwest C T
NO Nordosten northeast C L, T
nördl. nördlich northern L
norw. norwegisch Norwegian as an adjective L
Nr. Nummer No., number L, T
NS Nachschrift PS, postscript T
n.u.Z. nach unserer Zeitrechnung CE dates T
NW Nordwest(en) northwest compass point L
O Ost(en) east compass point L, T, DW
o. oben above L, T, DW
oder or L, DW
ohne without L, DW
ö öffentlich public DW
o.A. ohne Altersbeschränkung approved for all ages (lit. 'without age restriction') films etc. T
o.a. oben angeführt above-mentioned L
o.ä. oder ähnliche and the like (lit. 'or similar') L
o.B. ohne Befund negative results lit. 'without findings' L
od. oder or L, T, Da
o.g. oben genannt above named T
OmU Originalfassung mit Untertiteln original version with subtitles films etc. T
OSO Ostsüdost east-southeast compass point T
O-Ton Originalton original soundtrack films etc. T
österr. österreichisch Austrian as an adjective L
p.Adr. per Adresse c/o, care of L, T
Pf. Pfarrei; Pfarrer Parish; Parish priest, parson, pastor
Pfd. Pfund lb., pound weight L, T
Pkt. Punkt point L, F
Pkw/PKW Personenkraftwagen automobile, car L, T
Pl. Platz square, plaza L, T
PLZ Postleitzahl postal code L, T
PS Pferdestärke metric horsepower L, T
qkm Quadratkilometer square kilometer obsolete, km2 is preferred L, T
qm Quadratmeter square meter obsolete, m2 is preferred L, T
r. rechts right L, T
RA Rechtsanwalt attorney, lawyer, barrister L, T
Reg.-Bez. Regierungsbezirk government district L, T
R-Gespräch Retour-Gespräch collect call, reverse-charge call T
r.k., r.-k., röm.-kath. römisch-katholisch RC, Roman Catholic L, T
röm. römisch Roman adjective L, T
S Süd(en) south compass point L, T, DW
S. Seite p., page T, DW
s. sich oneself, yourself with reflexive verbs T
s. siehe see L, DW
s.a. siehe auch see also T, Da
Sa Samstag Saturday date/time L, T
schles. schlesisch Silesian as an adjective T
schwäb. schwäbisch Swabian as an adjective T
schweiz. schweizerisch Swiss as an adjective L, T
sek. Sekunde second date/time F
SO Südost(en) south-east compass point L, DW
So Sonntag Sunday date/time T, DW
s.o. siehe oben see above L, T, DW
sog. so genannt so-called L, T, DW
St. Sankt saint L, T
St. Stück (per) piece pricing L, T, F
Std. Stunde hour L, F
Str. Straße street, road L, F
StR. Studienrat tenured teacher T
s.u. siehe unten see below L, Da
südd. süddeutsch southern German adjective ?
SW, s/w schwarz/weiß black & white films etc. T
SW Südwest(en) southwest compass point L, T
SZ Schlafzimmer bedroom used in accommodation/real estate F
t Tonne(n) ton(s) L
tägl. täglich daily, per day L, F
Tel. Telefon telephone L, F
TL Teelöffel teaspoon in recipes F, Da
u. und and T, F, Da
U Umleitung detour L, T
u.a. und andere and others L, T
unter anderem among others L, T
u.Ä. und Ähnliches and the like (lit. 'and similar things') L, T
u.ä. und ähnlich and similarly T
u.a.m. und andere(s) mehr and more, etc. ?
u.A.w.g. um Antwort wird gebeten RSVP L, T
übl./üblw. üblich/üblicherweise usual F
ugs. umgangssprachlich colloquially
usw. und so weiter and so on, etc. note punctuation L, T, Da, F
u.v.a.(m) und vieles andere (mehr) and many others T
u.U. unter Umständen in certain circumstances, possibly L, T, Da
u.zw. und zwar viz., and indeed L, F
V. Vers line, verse L, T
v. von of used in particular for the nobiliary particle L
v.a. vor allem above all, especially Da
v.Chr. vor Christus BC, before Christ T, Da
Verf. Verfasser author L, T
verh. verheiratet married T, F
verw. verwitwet widowed L, T
VG Viele Grüsse many greetings casual signoff in email DW
vgl. vergleiche cf., compare, reference L, T, Da
v.H. vom Hundert percent, per 100 L, T
vorm. vormals formerly L, T
vorm. vormittags a.m., in the morning date/time L, T
v.R.w. von Rechts wegen by law L, T
v.T. vom Tausend per mille, per 1000 L, T
v.u.Z. vor unserer Zeitrechnung BCE dates L, T
W West(en) west compass point L, T
wstl. westlich western L
w.o. wie oben as above F
WSW Westsüdwest west-southwest compass point L, T
Wwe/Wwer Witwe/Witwer widow/widower F
Wz Warenzeichen trademark L
Z. Zahl number L, T, DW
Zeile line L, T, DW
z. zu, zum, zur at, to L, T, DW
z.B. zum Beispiel e.g., for example T, Da
z.Hd. zu Händen, zu Handen attn., attention of L, T
Zi. Zimmer room L, T
z.T. zum Teil partly, in part L, Da, F
Ztr. Zentner 100 kg L
zur. zurück back L, T
zus. zusammen together L, T
zzgl. zuzüglich plus, in addition T
z.Z./z.Zt. zur Zeit at present L, T, Da

List of German acronyms

An acronym is a general type of abbreviation formed from the initial components of words in a longer name or phrase and pronounced as words. Included in this table are syllable words (German: Silbenkurzwörter), with the fragments used to create the clipping displayed in bold.

Abbreviation German English Notes Sources
DaF Deutsch als Fremdsprache German as a foreign language
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung German Institute for Standardization
KaDeWe Kaufhaus des Westens large Berlin department store T, DW
Kripo Kriminalpolizei police crime unit, CID (Br.)
TÜV Technischer Überwachungsverein Technical Inspection Association non-governmental regulatory bodies responsible for product safety; also (colloquially) the mandatory roadworthiness test for motor vehicles (cf. MOT test).
Jusos Jungsozialisten Young Socialists youth wing of the Social Democratic Party of Germany [12]
Kita Kindertagesstätte or Kindertageseinrichtung day nursery [13][14]
Kripo Kriminalpolizei criminal police [13][12]
Schiri Schiedsrichter referee [13]
Stabi Staatsbibliothek national library [12]
Trafo Transformator transformer electrical component [12]
Elko Elektrolytkondensator electrolytic capacitor electronic component [12]
Mofa motorisiertes Fahrrad motorised bicycle class of light motor vehicle that requires no driving licence
Vokuhila vorne kurz, hinten lang mullet hairstyle

List of German initialisms

Acronyms pronounced as individual letters are rather than words are more specifically called initialisms. They are written without periods and retain the grammatical gender of their primary noun.[1]

Abbreviation German English Notes Ref
AA Anonyme Alkoholiker Alcoholics Anonymous L, DW
AA Auswärtiges Amt Foreign Office, State Department DW
ADAC Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club General German Auto Club largest auto club in Europe T
AfD Alternative für Deutschland Alternative for Germany political party
AG Aktiengesellschaft Joint-stock company
AGB die Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen Terms and Conditions (of Use)
ARD Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ARD broadcaster
AOK Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse public health insurance T
ASW außersinnliche Wahrnehmung Extrasensory Perception T
BBk Deutsche Bundesbank German Federal Bank [15]
BGB Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch German Civil Code T
BGH Bundesgerichtshof Federal Constitutional Court
BIP Bruttoinlandsprodukt Gross Domestic Product
BKA Bundeskriminalamt Federal Criminal Police Office Germany's "FBI" T
BLZ Bankleitzahl Bank Code Number T
BMBF Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung Federal Ministry of Education and Research
BMF Bundesministerium der Finanzen Federal Ministry of Finance
BMG Bundesministerium für Gesundheit Federal Ministry of Health
BMI Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community
BMVg Bundesministerium der Verteidigung Federal Ministry of Defence
BMU Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und nukleare Sicherheit Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
BMVI Bundesministerium für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure
BMW Bayerische Motoren Werke Bavarian Motor Works [1]
BMZ Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development
BPOL Bundespolizei Federal Police
BR Bayrischer Rundfunk Bavarian Broadcasting [1]
BRD Bundesrepublik Deutschland Federal Republic of Germany
C&A Clemens & August C&A popular clothing chain T
CDU Christlich-Demokratische Union Christian Democratic Union political party
CSU Christlich-Soziale Union Christian Social Union political party
CVJF Christlicher Verein Junger Frauen YWCA In Switzerland, the YWCA and YMCA merged in 1973 to form Cevi Schweitz T
CVJM Christlicher Verein Junger Menschen YMCA
CJK Creutzfeld-Jakob-Krankheit Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
DAAD Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst German Academic Exchange Service
DAG Deutsche Angestellten-Gewerkschaft German Salaried Employees' Union Obsolete, now ver.di
DB Deutsche Bahn German Rail
DDR Deutsche Demokratische Republik German Democratic Republic The former state of East Germany
DFB Deutscher Fußballbund German Football Association
DGB Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund German Trade Union Confederation
DIHK Deutsche Industrie- und Handelskammer Association of German Chambers of Industry and Commerce
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung German Institute for Standard
DJH Deutsches Jugendherbergswerk German Youth Hostel Association
DKP Deutsche Kommunistische Partei German Communist Party
DM Deutsche Mark Deutsche Mark
DPD Deutscher Paketdienst German Package Service the German "UPS"
DRK Deutsches Rotes Kreuz German Red Cross
DT Deutsche Telekom Deutsche Telekom
DuÖAV Deutscher und Österreichischer Alpenverein German and Austrian Alpine Club Ceased to exist in 1938; the German Alpine Club and Austrian Alpine Club were later re-established.
DVU Deutsche Volksunion German People's Union political party
EEG Elektroenzephalografie Electroencephalography medicine/science/technology
EKG Elektrokardiogramm Electrocardiography medicine/science/technology
ETA Elektrotechnischer Assistent Electrical technologist
EU Europäische Union European Union [1]
EZB Europäische Zentralbank European Central Bank
FAZ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung Germany's "New York Times" T
FC Fußball Club Football Club
FCKW Fluor-Chlor-Kohlenwasserstoff Chlorofluorocarbon medicine/science/technology
FDB Freie Demokratische Partei Free Democratic Party political party
FH Fachhochschule University of Applied Sciences
FKK Freikörperkultur Free body culture Naturism
FRA Frankfurter Flughafen Frankfurt Airport
FSK Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle der Filmwirtschaft Self-Regulatory Body of the Movie Industry The German motion picture content rating system
FU Freie Universität Berlin Free University of Berlin
GG Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany Constitution of Germany L
GEW Gewerkschaft Erziehung und Wissenschaft Education and Science Workers' Union Not T
GEZ Gebühreneinzugszentrale der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Contribution service of ARD, ZDF and Deutschlandradio Former German agency responsible for collecting mandatory fees for public TV and radio
GUS Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten Commonwealth of Independent States
HH Hansestadt Hamburg Hamburg on license plates
HNO Hals Nase Ohren Ear, Nose and Throat medicine/science/technology
H+M Hennes & Mauritz H&M popular clothing chain
HTL, HTLA Höhere Technische Lehranstalt Technical school an engineering-focused secondary school in Austria not T
HTBLA Höhere Technische Bundeslehranstalt Federal Higher Technical Institute an engineering-focused secondary school in Austria not T
HTBLuVA Höhere Technische Bundes-Lehr- und -Versuchsanstalt Federal Higher Technical Institute for Education and Experimentation an engineering-focused secondary school in Austria not T
IFO Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Institute for Economic Research L
IHK Industrie- und Handelskammer Chamber of Industry and Commerce Regional, cross-industry associations
IOK Internationales Olympisches Komitee International Olympic Committee
IWF Internationale Währungsfonds International Monetary Fund
JH Jugendherberge Youth Hostel
JVA Justizvollzugsanstalt Prisons in Germany
KfzPflVV Kraftfahrzeug-Pflichtversicherungsverordnung Motor vehicle liability insurance legal DW
KG Kommanditgesellschaft Limited partnership
KKW Kernkraftwerk Nuclear power plant
KSZE Konferenz über Sicherheit und Zusammenarbeit in Europa Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe
LG Landgericht District Court DW
MAD Militärischer Abschirmdienst Military Counterintelligence Service Germany's "MI5"
MdB Mitglied des Bundestages Member of the Bundestag Member of Parliament
MdL Mitglied des Landtages Member of the Landtag Member of a State Legislature
MEZ Mitteleuropäische Zeit Central European Time
MP Maschinenpistole Machine gun
MP Militärpolizei Military police
MTA Medizinische(r) Technische(r) Assistent(in) Medical Technician
NN das Normalnull sea level
NOK Nationales Olympisches Komitee National Olympic Committee
NPD Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands National Democratic Party of Germany political party
NRW Nordrhein-Westfalen North Rhine-Westphalia German state
OB Oberbürgermeister Lord mayor
ÖBB Österreichische Bundesbahnen Austrian Federal Railways
OF Originalfassung original version film/movies T
OHG offene Handelsgesellschaft General partnership
ÖPNV öffentlicher Personennahverkehr Public transport
ORF Österreichischer Rundfunk Austrian Broadcasting Corporation broadcaster
ÖVP Österreichische Volkspartei Austrian People's Party political party
PDS Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus Party of Democratic Socialism political party
PH Pädagogische Hochschule School of Education
PIN Persönliche Identifikationsnummer Personal identification number medicine/science/technology
RBB Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg Berlin-Brandenburg Broadcasting
RNS Ribonukleinsäure RNA medicine/science/technology
RTL Radio Télévision Luxembourg Radio Television Luxembourg broadcaster
SB Selbstbedienung Self-service SB-Laden, a self-service store
SB-Tankstelle, gas/petrol stations
SBB Schweizerische Bundesbahnen Swiss Federal Railways T
SPÖ Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs Social Democratic Party of Austria political party
SR Saarländischer Rundfunk Radio Saarland broadcaster T
SSV Sommerschlussverkauf end-of-summer sale
StGB Strafgesetzbuch German Penal Code legal T
StVO Straßenverkehrsordnung German Highway Code legal T
SWR Südwestrundfunk Southwest Broadcasting broadcaster T
TH Technische Hochschule Technical College
TU Technische Universität Technical University
UB Universitätsbibliothek University Library
UFO unidentifiziertes Flugobjekt Unidentified flying object
UKW Ultrakurzwellen FM, Very High Frequency medicine/science/technology
UNO Vereinte Nationen United Nations
VAE Vereinigte Arabische Emirate United Arab Emirates
VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik, Elektronik und Informationstechnik Association of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Information Technology medicine/science/technology
VELKD Vereinigte Evangelisch-Lutheranische Kirche Deutschlands United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Germany
VHS Volkshochschule Folk high school
WAA Wiederaufbereitungsanlage Nuclear reprocessing plant medicine/science/technology L
WDR Westdeutscher Rundfunk West German Radio broadcaster
WEZ Westeuropäische Zeit Western European Time
WG Wohngemeinschaft Co-living unrelated people sharing a flat, apartment, or house L
WM Weltmeisterschaft World championship L
WS Wintersemester Winter semester
WSV Winterschlussverkauf Winter sale
ZDF Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen Second German Television Network broadcaster
KV Kassenärztliche Vereinigung
ZPO Zivilprozessordnung Civil procedure (divorce, etc.) legal

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Foltinek, Selina; McGillen, Petra. "Abbreviations (Abkürzungen)". Dartmouth College Department of German Studies. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
  2. ^ Glück, Helmut; Schmöe, Friederike (2010). Metzler-Lexikon Sprache (in German) (4 ed.). Stuttgart: Metzler. ISBN 978-3-476-02335-3. OCLC 670204941.
  3. ^ Türck, Gisela; Willmann, Helmut; Messinger, Heinz (2003) [1993]. Written at Berlin, Munich, Vienna, Zurich. Langenscheidt's compact German dictionary : German-English, English-German (in German). New York: Langenscheidt. pp. 703–712. ISBN 978-1-58573-351-4. OCLC 53921097.
  4. ^ "Best German abbreviations from AA to z.Z. - 26.10.2015". DW.COM. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
  5. ^ "A selection of 10 creative German abbreviations - 19.08.2020". DW.COM. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
  6. ^ "German abbreviations: A love-hate relationship - 19.08.2020". DW.COM. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
  7. ^ Flippo, Hyde (2020-02-26). "A German-English Glossary of Popular German Abbreviations". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
  8. ^ Henderson, Rebecca (2018-05-02). "z.B., Here Are Some Top German Abbreviations to Master!". FluentU German. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
  9. ^ Beeton, Barbara; Freytag, Asmus; Iancu, Laurențiu; Sargent III, Murray (30 October 2015). "Proposal to Represent the Slashed Zero Variant of Empty Set" (PDF). The Unicode Consortium. p. 6.
  10. ^ [1]
  11. ^ Lutz Röhrich (1999). Lexikon der sprichwörtlichen Redensarten. Vol. 1. Freiburg: Herder. ISBN 3-451-05400-0. In German.
  12. ^ a b c d e Harald Weinrich: Textgrammatik der deutschen Sprache, 2. Auflage, 2003, S. 929
  13. ^ a b c Duden - Die Grammatik, 8. Auflage, 2009, Abschnitt 1116
  14. ^ Helmut Glück, ed. (2010). "Akronym". In Metzler Lexikon Sprache, 4th ed.
  15. ^ Buba: Blowing the Whistle on Big Bubba's Gold Manipulators?