Janina Lewandowska

Janina Antonina Lewandowska
Lt. Lewandowska
Born
Janina Antonina Dowbor-Muśnicka

22 April 1908
Kharkiv, Russian Empire
Died22 April 1940 (aged 32)
Katyn forest, USSR
NationalityPolish
OccupationPilot
SpouseMieczyslaw Lewandowski
FatherJózef Dowbor-Muśnicki

Janina Antonina Lewandowska (22 April 1908 – 22 April 1940) was a Polish World War II pilot murdered in the Katyn massacre by Soviet forces.[1] She was among the first women prisoners of war in World War II and the only female victim of Katyn.[2]: 370–71 [3]

Early life

Lewandowska (née Dowbor-Muśnicka) was born 22 April 1908, in Kharkiv in the Russian Empire. Her father, Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki, was a successful Polish military general.[4] As a teenager, she joined the Poznań Flying Club and earned her glider and parachutist certificates. At the age of 20, she became the first European woman to parachute from a height of over five kilometers.[5] She learned to fly light aircraft by 1937. Shortly before the war began, she married instructor-pilot Mieczyslaw Lewandowski.

Military career

The grave stone commemorating Janina and her sister Agnieszka Dowbor-Muśnicka at the family tomb in Lusów cemetery.

In August 1939, Lewandowska was drafted for service with the 3rd Military Aviation Regiment stationed near Poznań, Poland. On 22 September, her unit was taken prisoner by Soviet forces. Lewandowska was one of only two officers in the group; both were taken to the POW Camp for Polish Officers in Kozelsk, Russia. Her fate is uncertain, although it seems likely she died in the Katyn massacre, which occurred in the month of her 32nd birthday.[6]

Commemorations

  • On 19 March 2020, the National Bank of Poland introduced a commemorative silver coin with a face value of 10 zlotys. The coin, called "Katyń-Palmiry 1940," remembers the two murdered sisters.[8] On one side of the coin, Janina appears next to the word "Katyn." The other side features a likeness of Agnieszka and the word "Palmiry."[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Janina Lewandowska– jedyna kobieta zamordowana w Katyniu". www.dzieje.pl. Retrieved 2017-06-06.
  2. ^ Moore, Bob (2022-05-05). Prisoners of War: Europe: 1939-1956. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198840398.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-187597-7.
  3. ^ Chlebowski, Joshua (2020-10-01). "Soaring with Eagles: The Life and Legacy of Janina Lewandowska, the Only Female POW Killed in the Katyń Forest Massacre". History & Classics Undergraduate Theses.
  4. ^ Pennington, Reina; Higham, Robin (2003). Amazons to fighter pilots : a biographical dictionary of military women / Vol. 1, A-Q. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 257. OCLC 773504359.
  5. ^ "Janina Lewandowska - the only servicewoman murdered in Katyn". Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  6. ^ "Janina Lewandowska - the only servicewoman murdered in Katyn". Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  7. ^ "Gen. Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki – dowódca powstania wielkopolskiego". NIEZALEZNA.PL. 2017-12-30. Retrieved 2021-02-11.
  8. ^ National Bank of Poland. "Katyń–Palmiry 1940" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-02-11.
  9. ^ "Katyń - Palmiry 1940, 10 złotych". inwestycje.mennica.com.pl. Archived from the original on 2021-01-26. Retrieved 2021-02-11.

Sources

  • Bauer, Piotr (30 July 1989). "Wojenne Losy Janiny Lewandowskiej" [War of the Lives of Janina Lewandowska]. Skrzydlata Polska (in Polish): 31.
  • Muszynski, Adam (1982). lista katynska. London: Gryf Publications. OCLC 246675334.