ITGAE

ITGAE
Identifiers
AliasesITGAE, CD103, HUMINAE, integrin subunit alpha E
External IDsOMIM: 604682; MGI: 1298377; HomoloGene: 113560; GeneCards: ITGAE; OMA:ITGAE - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

3682

16407

Ensembl

ENSG00000083457

ENSMUSG00000005947

UniProt

P38570

Q60677

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_002208

NM_008399
NM_172944
NM_001361245

RefSeq (protein)

NP_002199

NP_032425
NP_001348174

Location (UCSC)Chr 17: 3.71 – 3.8 MbChr 11: 72.98 – 73.04 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Integrin, alpha E (ITGAE) also known as CD103 (cluster of differentiation 103) is an integrin protein that in human is encoded by the ITGAE gene.[5][6] CD103 binds integrin beta 7 (β7– ITGB7) to form the complete heterodimeric integrin molecule αEβ7, which has no distinct name. The αEβ7 complex is often referred to as "CD103" though this strictly refers only to the αE chain. Note that the β7 subunit can bind with other integrin α chains, such as α4 (CD49d).

Tissue distribution

CD103 is expressed widely on intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) T cells (both αβ T cells and γδ T cells) and on some peripheral regulatory T cells (Tregs).[7] It has also been reported on lamina propria T cells.[8] A subset of dendritic cells in the gut mucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes, known as CD103 dendritic cells, also expresses this marker.[9]

It is useful in identifying hairy cell leukemia which is positive for this marker in contrast to most other hematologic malignancies which are negative for CD103 except for hairy cell leukemia variant, a fraction of splenic marginal zone lymphomas, and enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma.[10]

Function

The chief ligand for αEβ7 is E-cadherin, a cellular adhesion molecule (CAM) found on epithelial cells.[11] It is probably important for T cell homing to the intestinal sites[12] and thymocyte contacts with thymic reticuloepithelial cells.[13]

Tregs are important for decreasing the immune response and appear to play a crucial role in the prevention of autoimmune diseases. Tregs are defined as CD4+/CD25+/Foxp3+ cells.[14] Some CD4+/FoxP3− cells also express CD103 and have been attributed regulatory activity. It is unclear whether the presence of CD103 on Treg cells represents a specialized feature for Treg, or Treg differentiation of IEL T cells.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000083457 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000005947 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Kilshaw PJ, Higgins JM (October 2002). "Alpha E: no more rejection?". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 196 (7): 873–875. doi:10.1084/jem.20021404. PMC 2194032. PMID 12370249.
  6. ^ "Entrez Gene: integrin".
  7. ^ Lehmann J, Huehn J, de la Rosa M, Maszyna F, Kretschmer U, Krenn V, et al. (October 2002). "Expression of the integrin alpha Ebeta 7 identifies unique subsets of CD25+ as well as CD25- regulatory T cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (20): 13031–13036. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9913031L. doi:10.1073/pnas.192162899. PMC 130581. PMID 12242333.
  8. ^ Aziz S, Fackler OT, Meyerhans A, Müller-Lantzsch N, Zeitz M, Schneider T (January 2005). "Replication of M-tropic HIV-1 in activated human intestinal lamina propria lymphocytes is the main reason for increased virus load in the intestinal mucosa". Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 38 (1): 23–30. doi:10.1097/00126334-200501010-00005. PMID 15608520. S2CID 22884381.
  9. ^ Johansson-Lindbom B, Svensson M, Pabst O, Palmqvist C, Marquez G, Förster R, et al. (October 2005). "Functional specialization of gut CD103+ dendritic cells in the regulation of tissue-selective T cell homing". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 202 (8): 1063–1073. doi:10.1084/jem.20051100. PMC 2213212. PMID 16216890.
  10. ^ Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, et al. (2008). WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues (World Health Organization Classification of Tumours) (4th ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 978-92-832-2431-0.
  11. ^ Hadley GA, Bartlett ST, Via CS, Rostapshova EA, Moainie S (October 1997). "The epithelial cell-specific integrin, CD103 (alpha E integrin), defines a novel subset of alloreactive CD8+ CTL". Journal of Immunology. 159 (8): 3748–3756. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.159.8.3748. PMID 9378961.
  12. ^ Agace WW, Higgins JM, Sadasivan B, Brenner MB, Parker CM (October 2000). "T-lymphocyte-epithelial-cell interactions: integrin alpha(E)(CD103)beta(7), LEEP-CAM and chemokines". Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 12 (5): 563–568. doi:10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00132-0. PMID 10978890.
  13. ^ Kutlesa S, Wessels JT, Speiser A, Steiert I, Müller CA, Klein G (December 2002). "E-cadherin-mediated interactions of thymic epithelial cells with CD103+ thymocytes lead to enhanced thymocyte cell proliferation". Journal of Cell Science. 115 (Pt 23): 4505–4515. doi:10.1242/jcs.00142. PMID 12414996. S2CID 14571087.
  14. ^ Allakhverdi Z, Fitzpatrick D, Boisvert A, Baba N, Bouguermouh S, Sarfati M, et al. (December 2006). "Expression of CD103 identifies human regulatory T-cell subsets". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 118 (6): 1342–1349. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2006.07.034. PMID 17137867.

Further reading