Horní Bříza

Horní Bříza
Town
Aerial view
Aerial view
Flag of Horní Bříza
Flag
Coat of arms of Horní Bříza
Coat of arms
Horní Bříza is located in Czech Republic
Horní Bříza
Horní Bříza
Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 49°50′39″N 13°21′48″E / 49.84417°N 13.36333°E / 49.84417; 13.36333
Country Czech Republic
RegionPlzeň
DistrictPlzeň-North
First mentioned1180
Government
 • MayorDavid Kapr
Area
 • Total
14.55 km2 (5.62 sq mi)
Elevation
367 m (1,204 ft)
Population
 (2024-01-01)[1]
 • Total
4,191
 • Density290/km2 (750/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
330 12
Websitewww.hornibriza.eu

Horní Bříza (German: Ober Birken) is a town in Plzeň-North District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 4,200 inhabitants.

Geography

Horní Bříza is located about 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Plzeň. It lies in the Plasy Uplands. The highest point is at 492 m (1,614 ft) above sea level. The Bělá Stream flows through the town.

History

The first written mention of Horní Bříza is from 1180. Around 1220, the village was donated to the Plasy Monastery.[2]

The appearance of Horní Bříza changed after the great fire in 1865 and also with the construction of the railway line in the years 1871–1873. However, a significant turning point did not occur until the 1880s, when kaolin was discovered here. In 1882, Johann Fitz, a prominent businessman and mining expert from Rokycany, began with its mining. In 1886, he introduced the production of ceramic goods and founded a company which maintained dominant position in the ceramics industry for hundred years.[2]

World War II

During World War II, some death trains taking Jews, outspoken people, gypsies, intellectuals, communists and Russian prisoners travelled through Horní Bříza. It was on the route to Mauthausen concentration camp, further south on the Danube River. On 21 April 1945, a death train stopped here as the line was blocked. The station master Antonín Pavlíček intervened and organized the townspeople to cook food and bread for the about 1,000 women being taken to Mauthausen. He asked the SS to leave the people there so the town could care for them, but they refused.[3]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1869328—    
1880349+6.4%
1890451+29.2%
1900624+38.4%
1910884+41.7%
YearPop.±%
19211,327+50.1%
19301,617+21.9%
19501,752+8.3%
19612,087+19.1%
19702,323+11.3%
YearPop.±%
19803,122+34.4%
19914,007+28.3%
20014,487+12.0%
20114,356−2.9%
20214,105−5.8%
Source: Censuses[4][5]

Transport

Main street

Horní Bříza is located on the railway line Plzeň–Plasy.[6]

Sights

Horní Bříza is poor in monuments. The only cultural monuments are the Chapel of Saint Peter, built in the pseudo-Baroque style in 1840, and the Memorial to the Victims of World War II.[7]

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic

Horní Bříza is twinned with:[8]

References

  1. ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024". Czech Statistical Office. 2024-05-17.
  2. ^ a b "Krátce z historie" (in Czech). Město Horní Bříza. Retrieved 2022-09-22.
  3. ^ Holden, Wendy (2015). Born Survivors: Three Young Mothers and Their Extraordinary Story of Courage, Defiance, and Hope. Brown Book Group Limited. ISBN 9780751557398.
  4. ^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21.
  5. ^ "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 2021-03-27.
  6. ^ "Detail stanice Horní Bříza" (in Czech). České dráhy. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  7. ^ "Výsledky vyhledávání: Kulturní památky, obec Horní Bříza". Ústřední seznam kulturních památek (in Czech). National Heritage Institute. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  8. ^ "Spolek Partnerství mezi městy Horní Bříza a Villeneuve sur Yonne" (in Czech). Město Horní Bříza. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
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