A heptathlon is a track and field combined events contest made up of seven events.[1] The name derives from the Greek επτά (hepta, meaning "seven") and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning "competition"). A competitor in a heptathlon is referred to as a heptathlete.
There are two heptathlons – the men's and the women's heptathlon – composed of different events. The men's heptathlon is older and is held indoors, while the women's is held outdoors and was introduced in the 1980s, first appearing in the Olympics in 1984.
Women's heptathlon
Women's heptathlon is the combined event for women contested in the athletics programme of the Olympics and at the World Athletics Championships. The World Athletics Combined Events Tour determines a yearly women's heptathlon champion. The women's outdoor heptathlon consists of the following events, with the first four contested on the first day, and the remaining three on day two:
There is also a Tetradecathlon, which is a double heptathlon, consisting of 14 events, seven events per day.
Points system
The heptathlon scoring system was devised by Dr Karl Ulbrich, a Viennese mathematician. The formulae are constructed so that, for each event, a designated benchmark performance (for example, approximately 1.82 m for the high jump) scores 1000 points.[4] Each event also has a minimum recordable performance level (e.g. 0.75 m for the high jump), corresponding to zero points. The formulae are devised so that successive constant increments in performance correspond to gradually increasing increments in points awarded.
The events are split into three groups, and the scores are calculated according to the three formulae:[5]
Running events (200 m, 800 m and 100 m hurdles):
Jumping events (high jump and long jump):
Throwing events (shot put and javelin):
P is for points, T is for time in seconds, M is for height or length in centimeters and D is length in meters. a, b and c have different values for each of the events, as follows:
Event
a
b
c
200 metres
4.99087
42.5
1.81
800 metres
0.11193
254
1.88
100 metres hurdles
9.23076
26.7
1.835
High jump
1.84523
75
1.348
Long jump
0.188807
210
1.41
Shot put
56.0211
1.5
1.05
Javelin throw
15.9803
3.8
1.04
Benchmarks
The following table shows the benchmark levels needed to earn 1000, 900, 800 and 700 points in each event.
Event
1,000 pts
900 pts
800 pts
700 pts
Unit
100 m hurdles
13.85
14.56
15.32
16.12
Seconds
High jump
1.82
1.74
1.66
1.57
Metres
Shot put
17.07
15.58
14.09
12.58
Metres
200 m
23.80
24.86
25.97
27.14
Seconds
Long jump
6.48
6.17
5.84
5.50
Metres
Javelin throw
57.18
52.04
46.87
41.68
Metres
800 m
2:07.63
2:14.52
2:21.77
2:29.47
Minutes:Seconds
Women's world records compared with heptathlon bests
World records (WR) compared with heptathlon bests (HB)
The other version is an indoor competition, normally contested by men only. It is the men's combined event in the IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics. The men's indoor heptathlon consists of the following events, with the first four contested on the first day, and remaining three on day two:
The scoring is similar for both versions. In each event, the athlete scores points for his performance in each event according to scoring tables issued by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF).[10] The athlete accumulating the highest number of points wins the competition.
Benchmarks
The following table shows the minimum benchmark levels required to earn 1000 points in each event.
Event
1000pts
Units
60 m
6.68
Seconds
Long jump
7.76
Metres
Shot put
18.40
Metres
High jump
2.21
Metres
60 m hurdles
7.69
Seconds
Pole vault
5.29
Metres
1000 m
2:29.00
Minutes:Seconds
Men's world records compared with heptathlon bests
World records (WR) compared with heptathlon bests (HB)
Octathlon (primarily a youth or junior event although logistical problems have seen senior octathlons contested, for example at the 2007 South Pacific Games)
^Women's javelin was redesigned in 1999 and all records started afresh. Point allocation for Heptathlon remained the same, but the comparison is being made between the WR and Heptathlon best of the current model.
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