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Heart (novel)
 Heart (Italian: Cuore [ˈkwɔːre]) is a children's novel by the Italian author Edmondo De Amicis who was a novelist, journalist, short story writer, and poet. The novel is his best known work to this day, having been inspired by his own children Furio and Ugo who had been schoolboys at the time. It is set during the Italian unification, and includes several patriotic themes. It was issued by Treves on October 18, 1886, the first day of school in Italy, and rose to immediate success. Through its investigation of social issues such as poverty, Heart shows the influence of left-wing ideologies on De Amicis' work (he later joined the Italian Socialist Party). Because of this, the book remained influential (and the staple of many textbooks) in countries of the Eastern Bloc. On the other hand, the book's strong evocation of Italian nationalism and patriotism also made it welcome in Fascist Italy. PlotThe novel is written in a diary form as told by Enrico Bottini, an 11-year-old primary school student in Turin with an upper class background who is surrounded by classmates of working class origin. The entire chronological setting corresponds to the third-grade season of 1881-82 (Enrico says it has been four years since the death of Victor Emmanuel II, king of Italy, and the succession by Umberto I, and also tells about the death of Giuseppe Garibaldi, which happened in 1882). Enrico's parents and older sister Silvia interact with him as written in his diary, as well as his teacher who assigns him with homework that deals with several different stories of children throughout the Italian states who should be seen as role models – these stories are then given in the book as Enrico comes upon reading them. Every story revolves around a different moral value, the most prominent of which are helping those in need, having great love and respect for family and friends, and patriotism. These are called 'The Monthly Stories' and appear at the end of every school month. CharactersBottini family
Enrico's classmates
Teachers
Reception and legacyThe novel was translated into Chinese in the early 20th century (with the title "愛的教育" – literally The Education of Love) and became quite well known in East Asia. It was translated into Spanish with the title, Corazón: Diario de un niño meaning Heart: Diary of a Child. The book was popular in Latin countries, such as Mexico, among young boys and girls in the 1960s and 1970s.[citation needed] The novel was also extremely popular and influential in 1950s Israel, the Hebrew translation going through no less than seventeen printings up to 1963.[1] Its strong evocation of patriotism and its basking in the great recent achievement of Italian Unification were well in tune with the new-born Israel of the 1950s, created in cataclysmic wars and struggles, and the book's Socialist undertones were in tune with the values of Labor Zionism, then dominant in Israel. At present however it is considered rather old-fashioned and no longer well known to the current generation of young Israelis.[citation needed] In 1887, a sequel, called Testa (Head), was written by neurologist Paolo Mantegazza, Amicis' friend, which narrates the life of Enrico in his teens. In 1962, Umberto Eco published Elogio di Franti (In Praise of Franti) viewing Franti, the "bad boy" of the novel, as a figure of resistance against militarist and nationalist ideology.[2] One of the two teenage characters in the film I Prefer the Sound of the Sea (2000) reads Cuore and has a job in a bookshop named Franti. The book has been used as one of the inspirations for academic achievement in Mexico, having used the name of the author for one of the world schools of the International Baccalaureate called Instituto D'Amicis, located in the city of Puebla. AdaptationsIn 1948, it was made into a film, directed by Vittorio De Sica and Duilio Coletti. One of the stories, "From the Apennines to the Andes", became the basis of the 1976 anime series 3000 Leagues in Search of Mother. The series consisted of 52 episodes and was broadcast in the World Masterpiece Theatre. The whole series was viewable in many different languages, and became popular all over the world. In conclusion to the series, a film was released in 1980 that was later remade, also as a feature film, released in 1999. Cuore itself was later adapted in its entirety by Nippon Animation, as the 26-episode series Ai no Gakko Cuore Monogatari in 1981. This series was also broadcast on Italian TV as Cuore. School of Love: Story of Heart was popular in Iran for the generation born after the Iranian Revolution. The series name, which was broadcast in Iran several times, was changed to Students of Walt school. In 1984, a television miniseries based on the novel was produced by RAI and directed by Luigi Comencini. In 2009, Heart: Diary of a Child was created as an audiobook by Carlos Acosta in English and Spanish languages.[3][4] Notes and references
External links Italian Wikisource has original text related to this article:
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