Hagei language

Hagei
Green Gelao
Native to	China and Vietnam
Region	Guizhou, Guangxi, Yunnan; Ha Giang Province
Native speakers	300 (2002)[1]
Language family	Kra–Dai Kra Ge–Chi Gelao Hagei
Language codes
ISO 639-3	giq
Glottolog	gree1278
ELP	Green Gelao

Hagei (Hakei) or Green Gelao (Chinese: 青仡佬; sometimes translated as Blue Gelao) is a Gelao language spoken in China and Vietnam.[2][3]

Dialects

The primary dialectal areas where Hagei (Green Gelao) is still spoken are:[4]

• Guizhou: in Guanling County, Qinglong County, and Zhenfeng County[5]
• Guangxi: in Sanchong 三冲 village, Longlin County[6]
• Vietnam: in Hà Giang Province[7]

The Hagei varieties of northern Guizhou, such as in Zunyi, are extinct.[8]

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial			Alveolar			Retroflex		(Alveolo-) palatal	Velar		Glottal
		plain	pal.	lab.	plain	pal.	lab.	plain	lab.		plain	lab.	plain	lab.
Stop	voiceless	p	pʲ	pʷ	t	tʲ	tʷ				k	kʷ	ʔ
	aspirated	pʰ	pʲʰ	pʰʷ	tʰ		tʰʷ				kʰ	kʷʰ
	voiced	b			d	dʲ					ɡ
Affricate	voiceless				ts		tsʷ	tʂ	tʂʷ	tɕ
	aspirated				tsʰ		tsʰʷ		tʂʰʷ	tɕʰ
	voiced				dz			dʐ		dʑ
Fricative	voiceless	f			s			ʂ	ʂʷ	ɕ			h	hʷ
	voiced	v			z			ʐ	ʐʷ	ʑ
Nasal	voiceless	m̥			n̥					ɲ̊	ŋ̊
	voiced	m	mʲ	mʷ	n					ɲ	ŋ
	glottalized	mˀ									ŋˀ
Lateral	voiceless				l̥
	voiced				l	lʲ
	glottalized				lˀ
Approximant										j		w

• Consonant clusters may include /pl, bl/ and /ps, pz/.

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i	z̞	u
Mid	e	ə	o
Open		a
Syllabic	m̩	n̩

• /z̞/ is typically centralized and may also be heard as a syllabic retroflex [ʐ̩] or a central [ɨ].[6]

References

1. Hagei at Ethnologue (24th ed., 2021)
2. Li Jinfang [李锦芳]. 2006. Studies on endangered languages in the Southwest China [西南地区濒危语言调查研究]. Beijing: Minzu University [中央民族大学出版社].
3. Zhang Jimin 张済民. 1993. Gelao yu yan jiu 仡佬语研究 (A study of Gelao). Guiyang, China: Guizhou People's Press 贵州民族出版社.
4. Li Jinfang [李锦芳]. 2006. Studies on endangered languages in the Southwest China [西南地区濒危语言调查研究]. Beijing: Minzu University [中央民族大学出版社].
5. Kosaka, Ryūichi; Zhou, Guoyan; Li; Jinfang. 1998. Geyang yuyan cihuiji [仡央语言词汇集]. Guiyang: Guizhou Ethnic Publishing House [贵州民族出版社].
6. Shen Yumay. 2003. Phonology of Sanchong Gelao. M.A. Thesis, University of Texas at Arlington.
7. Samarina, Irina Vladimirovna [Самарина, Ирина Владимировна]. 2011. The Gelao language: materials for a Kadai comparative dictionary [Языки гэлао: материалы к сопоставительному словарю кадайских языко]. Moscow: Academia. ISBN 9785874443917
8. Zhou Guoyan 周国炎. 2004. Gelaozu muyu shengtai yanjiu 仡佬族母語生态硏究 (Studies on the linguistic ecology of the Gelao people). Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House 民族出版社.