In 1900, Gholson had a population of 58 and two churches.[2]
A post office operated under the name Gholson from 1838 to 1976.[3]
Gholson was once home to the Summerville Institute.[4] The institute, founded by Thomas S. Gathright in 1854,[5][6] was the only functioning secondary school in Mississippi during the Civil War.[7] It was damaged by a fire in 1869 and rebuilt. The school continued to exist until it was again destroyed by fire in 1875.[6]