Fritz Arno Wagner

Fritz Arno Wagner
Fritz Arno Wagner
Born	5 December 1889; Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig, German Empire
Died	18 August 1958 (aged 68); Göttingen, Lower Saxony, West Germany
Resting place	Waldfriedhof Dahlem cemetery
Alma mater	Académie des Beaux-Arts; University of Leipzig
Occupation	Cinematographer
Movement	German Expressionism

Fritz Arno Wagner (5 December 1889 – 18 August 1958) is considered one of the most acclaimed German cinematographers from the 1920s to the 1950s.^[1] He played a key role in the Expressionist film movement^[2] during the Weimar period and is perhaps best known for excelling "in the portrayal of horror," according to noted film critic Lotte H. Eisner.^[3]

Background

Born in Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig, Germany, Wagner received his training at the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris.^[3] In 1910, while still attending the University of Leipzig, he managed to secure a job as a clerk at the Pathé film company.^[4] In 1912, he became both secretary and chef at the Pathé offices in Vienna and later in Berlin.^[5]

Career as cinematographer

An iconic scene of the shadow of the vampire climbing up a staircase from F.W. Murnau's *Nosferatu* (1922)

Interested in cinematography, Wagner became a newsreel cameraman in 1913 and was stationed in New York for Pathé Weekly, where he reported on the Mexican Revolution. At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, he returned to Germany to enlist in his country's elite Hussar cavalry whilst still filming war reports.^[6]^[7] However, after being wounded, he decided to take the job of stills photographer and then 2nd cameraman at Projektions-AG Union PAGU. In 1919, he went to work as a primary cameraman for Decla-Bioscop.

Along with Karl Freund, Wagner became Germany's leading cinematographer of the 1920s and 1930s, a master of the dark, moody lighting that characterized the expressionist movement.^[8] He worked with some of Germany most prominent directors, including Ernst Lubitsch on Madame Du Barry (1919), F.W. Murnau on The Haunted Castle (1921), The Burning Soil (1922) and his classic Nosferatu (1922), and G.W. Pabst on four features, The Love of Jeanne Ney (1927), Westfront 1918 (1930), Comradeship (1931) and The Threepenny Opera (1931) based on the Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill musical. He also collaborated with Fritz Lang on four films, Destiny (1921), Spies (1928), M (1931) and The Testament of Dr. Mabuse (1932).

After the Nazis took over in 1933, causing many of the country's leading film directors to flee Germany for the U.S. (including his collaborator Lang) Wagner's career began to decline. To make ends meet he abandoned his unique style and turned to making glossy costume epics and musicals for The Ministry of Propaganda at Universum Film AG [Ufa] where he had once worked under Erich Pommer.^[9] After WWII, he worked for a couple of years as a director of photography of documentaries and newsreels before returning to feature films for the DEFA production company at Studio Babelsberg.^[10]

Death

On 18 August 1958, Wagner died in Göttingen in an automobile accident (as his colleague Murnau had 27 years earlier) whilst shooting the comedy Ohne Mutter geht es nicht (It Doesn't Work Without a Mother) for director Erik Ode.^[4]^[5]^[11]^{[unreliable source?]} He is buried at the Waldfriedhof Dahlem am Hüttenweg cemetery in Berlin.