Colhuehuapian

The Colhuehuapian age is a period of geologic time (21.0–17.5 Ma) within the Early Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification in South America. It follows the Deseadan and precedes the Santacrucian age.[1]

Etymology

The age is named after the Colhué Huapí Member of the Sarmiento Formation in the Golfo San Jorge Basin, Patagonia, Argentina.

Formations

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Locations of Colhuehuapian formations

Formation bold is type	Country	Basin	Notes
Colhué Huapí Member	Argentina	Golfo San Jorge Basin	[2][3]
Abanico Formation	Chile	Abanico Basin	[4][5]
Biblián Formation	Ecuador	Cuenca Basin	[6]
Castillo Formation	Venezuela	Falcón Basin	[7]
Cerro Bandera Formation	Argentina	Neuquén Basin	[8]
Chichinales Formation	Argentina	North Patagonian Massif	[9]
Chilcatay Formation	Peru	Pisco Basin	[10][11]
Cura-Mallín Group	Chile	Cura-Mallín Basin	[12]
Gaiman Formation	Argentina	Valdés Basin	[13]
Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation	Argentina	Colorado Basin	[14]
Monte León Formation	Argentina	Austral Basin	[15][16]
Montera Formation	Peru	Sechura Basin	[17]
Pirabas Formation	Brazil	Amazon Basin	[18]
Río Jeinemeni Formation	Argentina	Austral Basin	[19]
Uitpa Formation	Colombia	Cocinetas Basin	[20]

Fossils

Group	Fossils	Formation	Notes
Mammals	Abderites meridionalis, Acarechimys cf. minutissimus, Acaremys cf. murinus, A. preminutus, Acrocyon riggsi, Acyon tricuspidatus, Anargyrolagus primus, Arctodictis sinclairi, Argyrohippus cf. boulei, ?Astrapotherium ruderarium, Australoprocta fleaglei, Borhyaena macrodonta, Branisamyopsis australis, Caviocricetus lucasi, Cephalomyopsis hipselodontus, Cladosictis centralis, Clenia minuscula, Colpodon distinctus, Cramauchenia normalis, Dolichocebus gaimanensis, Dudumus ruigomezi, Eomicrobiotherium mykerum, Eosteiromys homogenidens, E. segregatus, Eoviscaccia australis, Euphractus patagonicus, Gaimanomys alwinea, Galileomys antelucanus, Hypsosteiromys axiculus, H. nectus, Licaphrops festinus, Luanthus initialis, Luantus propheticus, Mazzonicebus almendrae, Mormopterus barrancae, Necrolestes mirabilis, Neoreomys pinturensis, Oligobiotherium divisum, Pachybiotherium acclinum, Palaeothentes ?minutus, Parabderites bicrispatus, Paradelphomys fissus, Parasteiromys friantae, P. uniformis, Parastrapotherium symmetrum, Patagonia peregrina, Peltephilus pumilus, Perimys dissimilis, P. incavatus, P. transversus, Proargyrolagus argentinus, Proheptaconus patagonicus, Prolicaphrium spectabile, Prospaniomys priscus, Prostichomys bowni, Protacaremys avunculus, P. prior, P. pulchellus, Protadelphomys latus, Prozaedyus humilis, Pseudostegotherium glangeaudi, Pseudothylacynus rectus, Pternoconius bondi, Sipalocyon externus, Soriamys gaimanensis, S. ganganensis, Stegotherium tesselatum, S. variegatum, Tremacebus harringtoni, Willidewu estaparius, Acarechimys sp., Interatherium sp., Microbiotherium sp., Nematherium sp., Pachyrukhos sp., Proeutatus sp., Protypotherium sp., Prozaedyus sp., Soriamys sp., Tetramerorhinus sp., Titanothentes sp., Argyrolagoidea indet., Caluromyinae indet., ?Cephalomyidae indet., Chinchilloidea indet., Dasypodidae indet., Didelphidae indet., Didelphimorphia indet., Didelphoidea indet., Glyptodontidae indet., Hathlyacininae indet., Leontiniidae indet., Marsupialia indet., Megalonychidae indet., Neoepiblemidae indet., Phyllostominae indet., Propalaehoplophorinae indet., Thylacosmilidae indet.	Colhué Huapí	[21][22] [23][24] [25][26]
	Chilecebus carrascoensis, Notoungulata indet., Rodentia indet.	Abanico	[27]
	Xenastrapotherium aequatorialis	Biblián	[28]
	Banderomys leanzai, Caviocricetus lucasi, Comahuetherium coccaorum, Cramauchenia normalis, Doryperimys olsacheri, Eoviscaccia australis, Garridomys curunuquem, Leucokephalos maior, Proadinotherium cf. muensteri, Protypotherium sinclairi, Abderites sp., Astrapothericulus sp., Cladosictis sp., Eosteiromys sp., Palaeothentes sp., Parastrapotherium sp., Perimys sp., Pitheculites sp., Proeutatus sp., Protypotherium sp., Prozaedyus sp., Sipalocyon sp., Stenotatus sp., Astegotheriini indet., Borhyaenidae indet., Hegetotheriidae indet., Macraucheniidae indet., Peltephilidae indet., Platyrrhini indet., Propalaehoplophorinae indet., Proterotheriinae indet.	Cerro Bandera	[29][30] [31][32] [33][34]
	Australoprocta fleaglei, Caviocricetus lucasi, Cladosictis cf. patagonica, Eoviscaccia australis, Willidewu esteparius, cf. Colpodon sp., Hegetotherium sp., Octodontoidea sp., Proeutatus sp., cf. Protypotherium sp., cf. Stenotatus sp., Interatheriidae indet., Mesotheriinae indet., Nesodontinae indet., Propalaehoplophorinae indet., Proterotheriinae indet.	Chichinales	[35]
	Ensidelphis riveroi, Inticetus vertizi, Notocetus vanbenedeni, Pinnipedia indet., Platanidelphidi indet.	Chilcatay	[36][37] [38][39] [40][41] [42]
	Colpodon antucoensis, Acarechimys sp., Luantus sp., Protacaremys sp., Protypotherium sp., Sipalocyon sp., Echimyidae indet.	Cura-Mallín	[43][44]
	Aglaocetus moreni, Aondelphis talen, Argyrocetus patagonicus, Idiorophus patagonicus, Morenocetus parvus, Phoberodon arctirostris, Plesiocetus dyticus, Prosqualodon australis, Kentriodon sp., Eurhinodelphinidae indet., Squalodontidae indet.	Gaiman	[45] [46][47]
	Metaxytherium crataegense	Montera	[48]
	Dioplotherium allisoni, Sirenotherium pirabense, Metaxytherium sp., Rytiodus sp., Dugongidae indet.	Pirabas	[49][50] [51][52] [53][54]
	Phanomys mixtus	Río Jeinemení	[55]
Birds	Falconidae indet.	Cerro Bandera	[34]
	Opisthodactylus horacioperezi, Patagorhacos terrificus, Psilopteridae indet.	Chichinales	[35][56]
	Palaeospheniscus sp.	Chilcatay	[57]
	Apterodytes ictus, Eretiscus tonnii, Palaeospheniscus affinis, P. bergi, P. bilocular, P. gracilis, P. intermedius, P. interruptus, P. patagonicus, P. planus, P. rothi, Paraptenodytes antarcticus, P. robustus, Treleudytes crassa, Arthrodytes sp., Anseriformes indet., Sphenisciformes indet.	Gaiman	[46][47] [58]
Reptiles	Gaimanophis tenuis, Waincophis sp., Colubridae indet.	Colhué Huapí	[24]
	Geochelone sp., Pleurodira indet.	Chichinales	[35]
	Crocodylia indet., Gavialoidea indet., Pleurodira indet.	Pirabas	[49][50] [51][52]
Fish	Alopias superciliosus, Alopias cf. vulpinus, Anotodus agassizii, Carcharhinus brachyurus, Carcharhinus cf. leucas, Carcharocles chubutensis, Carcharodon hastalis, Cosmopolitodus plicatilis, Galeocerdo aduncus, Hemipristis serra, Isurus desori, Isurus oxyrinchus, Megachasma cf. applegatei, Megalolamna paradoxodon, Negaprion brevirostris, Parotodus benedeni, Physogaleus contortus, Sphyrna zygaena, cf. Anoxypristis sp., Carcharias sp., Squatina sp., Dasyatidae indet., Myliobatoidea indet.	Chilcatay	[59]
	Carcharhinus ackermanii, C. egertoni, C. priscus, Carcharodon subauriculatus, Diodon ferreirai, Galeocerdo paulinoi, Ginglymostoma obliquum, G. serra, Hemipristis serra, Isurus novus, Nebrius obliquus, Rhinoptera studeri, Scoliodon taxandriae, Sphyraena cunhai, S. egleri, Sphyrna magna, S. prisca, Arius sp., Hypoprion sp., Myliobatis sp.	Pirabas	[49][50] [51][52] [53]
	Heptranchias cf. howellii, Centrophorus sp., Dalatias cf. licha, Pristiophorus sp., Isurus cf. oxyrinchus, Carcharocles sp., Alopias cf. superciliosus, Hemipristis serra, Carcharhinus gibbesii, Sphyrna laevissima, Mobula sp., Lamniformes indet., Teleostei indet.	Uitpa	[60]
Decapods	Acanthocarpus obscurus, Arenaeus cribarius, Calappilia broksi, Callinectes cf. declivis, C. ferreirai, C. paraensis, C. pirabensis, C. reticulatus, Cyclocancer tuberculatus, Euphylax septendentatus, Hepatella amazonica, Necronectes tajinensis, Paratumidocarcinus marajoarus, Panopeus capanemensis, Parthenope tuberculata, Portunus atecuicitilis, P. haitensis, P. pirabensis, P. spimanus, P. spinimanus, Scylla costata, Sesarma paraensis, Tasadia tuberculatus, Tetraxanthus rathbunae, Typilobus unispinatus, Randallia sp.	Pirabas	[49][50] [52]

References

1. Paleo Database: Colhuehuapian
2. Dozo et al., 2014, p.241
3. Acosta & Tambussi, 2005, p.128
4. Godoy et al., 2012
5. Muñoz et al., 2006
6. Veintimilla González, 2015, p.47
7. Johnson, 2009, p.60
8. Kramarz et al., 2005
9. Kramarz et al., 2005, p.288
10. De la Cruz, 2008, p.53
11. Solíz Mundaca, 2018, p.13
12. Utgé et al., 2009
13. Acosta Hospitaleche, 2007, p.419
14. Reichler, 2010, p.181
15. Náñez et al., 2009
16. Pérez Panera, 2010, p.52
17. Córdova Aguilar, 2009, p.24
18. De Araújo et al., 2010, p.207
19. Dal Molín & Colombo, 2003, p.140
20. Moreno et al., 2015, p.7
21. Cheme et al., 2016
22. Arnal et al., 2014
23. Gran Barranca Upper Fossil Zone at Fossilworks.org
24. Southern Cliff of lower Chubut River Valley at Fossilworks.org
25. Gran Barranca - southern cliff of lake Colhué Huapí at Fossilworks.org
26. Sacanana at Fossilworks.org
27. Río Las Lenas at Fossilworks.org
28. Point 354989 Anzogues at Fossilworks.org
29. Vucetich et al., 2015
30. Kramarz et al., 2015
31. Cerro Bandera Type at Fossilworks.org
32. Cerro Bandera Barda Negra at Fossilworks.org
33. Cerro Bandera Sierra del Portezuelo Norte at Fossilworks.org
34. Cerro Bandera Bayo Mesa at Fossilworks.org
35. Paso Córdoba at Fossilworks.org
36. Lambert et al., 2017
37. Zamaca in the Paleobiology Database
38. Santa Rosa in the Paleobiology Database
39. Cerro Buque in the Paleobiology Database
40. Bianucci et al., 2020
41. Landini et al., 2019
42. Varas Malca et al., 2011
43. Shockey et al., 2012
44. Flynn et al., 2008, p.414
45. Viglino et al., 2018, p.264
46. Cerro del Castillo, Trelew at Fossilworks.org
47. Bryn Gwyn at Fossilworks.org
48. Cerro Chocan at Fossilworks.org
49. Jazida B17 at Fossilworks.org
50. Atalaia at Fossilworks.org
51. Praia de Fortalezinha at Fossilworks.org
52. Ilha de Fortaleza; São João de Pirabas at Fossilworks.org
53. Colonia Pedro Teixeira at Fossilworks.org
54. Tauari at Fossilworks.org
55. Río Jeinemení at Fossilworks.org
56. Agnolin & Chafrat, 2015
57. Acosta Hospitaleche & Stucchi, 2005
58. Patagonian at Fossilworks.org
59. Alván et al., 2004
60. Carrillo Briceño et al., 2016, p.91

Bibliography

Colhué Huapí Member

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Abanico Formation

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Biblián Formation

• Veintimilla González, Liliana Alexandra (2015), Solución geológica, geotécnica, hidrológica, hidráulica y estructural de la alcantarilla que sirve a la autopista Cuenca-Azogues, Abscisa km. 4+667 (thesis) (PDF), Universidad de Cuenca, pp. 1–111, retrieved 2018-09-11

Castillo Formation

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• Rincón, Ascanio D.; Solórzano, Andrés; McDonald, H. Gregory; Núñez Flores, Mónica (2017), "Baraguatherium takumara, gen. et sp. nov., the earliest mylodontoid sloth (early Miocene) from northern South America", Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 24 (2): 179–191, doi:10.1007/s10914-016-9328-y, retrieved 2019-02-12
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Cerro Bandera Formation

• Kramarz, Alejandro G.; Bond, Mariano; Arnal, Michelle (2015), "Systematic description of three new mammals (Notoungulata and Rodentia) from the early Miocene Cerro Bandera Formation, northern Patagonia, Argentina", Ameghiniana, 52 (6): 585–597, doi:10.5710/AMGH.27.06.2015.2906, hdl:11336/47331, retrieved 2019-02-13
• Kramarz, Alejandro; Garrido, Alberto; Forasiepi, Analía; Bond, Mariano; Tambussi, Claudia (2005), "Estratigrafia y vertebrados (Aves y Mammalia) de la Formación Cerro Bandera, Mioceno Temprano de la Provincia del Neuquén, Argentina", Revista Geológica de Chile, 32 (2): 273–291, doi:10.4067/S0716-02082005000200006, retrieved 2017-10-20

Chichinales Formation

• Agnolin, Federico L.; Chafrat, Pablo (2015), "New fossil bird remains from the Chichinales Formation (Early Miocene) of northern Patagonia, Argentina", Annales de Paléontologie, 101 (2): 87–94, Bibcode:2015AnPal.101...87A, doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2015.02.001, retrieved 2019-02-13
• Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo; Paz, Ernesto Rodrigo (2013), "Un Hegetotheriidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) basal del Mioceno temprano de Patagonia" (PDF), Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 30: 186–195, retrieved 2017-10-20

Chilcatay Formation

• Bianucci, Giovanni; de Muizon, C.; Urbina, M.; Lambert, O. (2020), "Extensive diversity and disparity of the early Miocene platanistoids (Cetacea, Odontoceti) in the Southeastern Pacific (Chilcatay Formation, Peru)", Life, 10 (3): 1–62, Bibcode:2020Life...10...27B, doi:10.3390/life10030027, hdl:11568/1047231, PMC 7151620, PMID 32197480
• Landini, W.; Collareta, A.; Di Celma, C.; Malinverno, E.; Urbina, M.; Bianucci, G. (2019), "The early Miocene elasmobranch assemblage from Zamaca (Chilcatay T Formation, Peru)", Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 91: 352–371, Bibcode:2019JSAES..91..352L, doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2018.08.004
• Bianucci, Giovanni; Bosio, Giulia; Malinverno, Elisa; De Muizon, Christian; Villa, Igor M.; Urbina, Mario; Lambert, Olivier (2018), "A new large squalodelphinid (Cetacea, Odontoceti) from Peru sheds light on the Early Miocene platanistoid disparity and ecology", Royal Society Open Science, 5 (4): 172302, Bibcode:2018RSOS....572302B, doi:10.1098/rsos.172302, PMC 5936943, PMID 29765678
• De la Cruz, Aldo Alván (2008), "Geología de Ocucaje: aportes en la sedimentología y paleontología de Lomas de Ullujaya (Ica, Perú)" (PDF), Revista del Instituto de Investigaciones FIGMMG, 11: 51–59, retrieved 2017-08-15
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• Varas Malca, R. M.; Altamirano Sierra, A. J.; DeVries, T.; Urbino, M. (2011), "The earliest known pinniped from the Southern Hemisphere", Ameghiniana, 48: R217
• Acosta Hospitaleche, C.; Stucchi, M. (2005), "Nuevos restos terciarios de Spheniscidae (Aves, sphenisciformes) procedentes de la Costa del Peru", Revista Española de Paleontología, 20: 1–5
• Alván, A.; Apolín, J.; Chacaltana, C. (2004), Los dientes de Seláceos (Condrichthyies) y su aplicaión estratigráfica en Las Lomas de Ullujaya (Ica, Perú), XIII Congreso Peruano de Geología. Resúmenes Extendidos, pp. 595–598
• Colbert, E. H (1944), "A new fossil whale from the Miocene of Peru", Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 83: 199–216

Cura-Mallín Group

• Flynn, John J.; Charrier, Reynaldo; Croft, Darin A.; Gans, Phillip B.; Herriott, Trystan M.; Wertheim, Jill A.; Wyss, André R. (2008), "Chronologic implications of new Miocene mammals from the Cura-Mallín and Trapa Trapa formations, Laguna del Laja area, south central Chile" (PDF), Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 26 (4): 412–423, Bibcode:2008JSAES..26..412F, doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2008.05.006, retrieved 2017-10-20
• Shockey, Bruce J.; Flynn, John J.; Croft, Darin A.; Gans, Phillip; Wyss, André R. (2012), "New leontiniid Notoungulata (Mammalia) from Chile and Argentina : comparative anatomy, character analysis, and phylogenetic hypotheses", American Museum Novitates (3737): 1–64, doi:10.1206/3737.2, retrieved 2019-02-15
• Utgé, Silvana; Folguera, Andrés; Litvak, Vanesa; Ramos, Víctor A. (2009), "Geología del sector norte de la Cuenca de Cura Mallín en las Lagunas de Epulaufquen, Neuquén", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 64 (2): 231–248, retrieved 2017-10-01

Gaiman Formation

• Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina (2007), "Revisión sistemática de Palaeospheniscus biloculata (Simpson) nov. comb. (Aves, Spheniscidae) de la Formación Gaiman (Mioceno Temprano), Chubut, Argentina", Ameghiniana, 44: 417–426, retrieved 2018-09-11
• Viglino, Mariana; Buono, Mónica R.; Gutstein, Carolina S.; Cozzuol, Mario A.; Cuitiño, José I. (2018), "A new dolphin from the early Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina: Insights into the evolution of Platanistoidea in the Southern Hemisphere" (PDF), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 63 (2): 261–277, doi:10.4202/app.00441.2017, retrieved 2019-02-11

Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation

• Reichler, Valeria A (2010), "Estratigrafía y paleontología del Cenozoico marino del Gran Bajo y Salinas del Gualicho, Argentina, y descripción de 17 especies nuevas" (PDF), Andean Geology, 31: 177–219, retrieved 2018-09-11

Monte León Formation

• Náñez, Carolina; Quattrocchio, Mirta E.; Ruiz, Liliana (2009), "Palinología y micropaleontología de las Formaciones San Julián y Monte León (Oligoceno - Mioceno temprano) en el subsuelo de cabo Curioso, provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina", Ameghiniana, 46: 669–693, retrieved 2017-08-15

Montera Formation

• Córdova Aguilar, Arturo (2009), Proyecto: "desarrollo de capacidades para una propuesta de zoneamiento ecológico económica (ZEE) para el ordenamiento territorial del Departamento de Piura" - área: Geología y potencial de recursos mineros (PDF), Ministry of Environment, Peru, pp. 1–83, retrieved 2018-09-11

Pirabas Formation

• De Araújo Távora, Vladimir; Rodrigues dos Santos, André Augusto; Neto Araújo, Raphael (2010), "Localidades fossilíferas da Formação Pirabas (Mioceno Inferior)" (PDF), Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 5 (2): 207–224, doi:10.46357/bcnaturais.v5i2.644, retrieved 2017-08-15

Río Jeinemení Formation

• Dal Molín, C.N.; Colombo, F. (2003), "Sedimentación neógena en la Cuenca del Río Zeballos y del Río Jeinemeni (47° Latitud Sur) Antepaís patagónico Argentina" (PDF), Geogaceta, 34: 139–142, retrieved 2018-09-10

Uitpa Formation

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