Bernice, Louisiana

Bernice, Louisiana
Bernice, Louisiana
Town
	Town of Bernice
	Bernice Rock Island Railroad Depot Museum
	Location of Bernice in Union Parish, Louisiana.
	Location of Louisiana in the United States
	Coordinates: 32°49′18″N 92°39′29″W / 32.82167°N 92.65806°W
Country	United States
State	Louisiana
Parish	Union
Founded	1899
Government
• Mayor	Mildred Ferguson (D)
Area
• Total	3.24 sq mi (8.39 km2)
• Land	3.23 sq mi (8.35 km2)
• Water	0.01 sq mi (0.03 km2)
Elevation	223 ft (68 m)
Population (2020)
• Total	1,356
• Density	420.33/sq mi (162.31/km2)
Time zone	UTC-6 (CST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP code	71222
Area code	318
FIPS code	22-07030
Website	http://www.bernicela.org

Bernice is a town in Union Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 1,689 at the 2010 census, a decrease from 1,809 in 2000. It is part of the Monroe Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

The area was part of the Louisiana frontier and pine forests, but early houses survive from the mid-nineteenth century: among the oldest homes are the R.T. Moore/Gresham/Stenzel House, known as the "Sweet Onion", and McCuller Log Cabin, both circa 1865.

Bernice was established in 1899 as a sawmill town after Captain C.C. Henderson built the Arkansas Southern Railroad, the first railway in Union Parish. Also an agricultural trade center, Bernice is the youngest European-American town to be founded in the parish. The area was known as the "big woods" because of its large stands of huge virgin pine. Henderson built the railroad to enable harvesting of lumber from the area. Moving south from Junction City, he directed construction of the railroad to Winnfield.

Henderson sought to purchase property about a mile north of the present town from Henry Mabry, but they could not agree on the price. Henderson moved south and bought land from Allen Lowery and Dave Cole. He named his acquisition for Lowery's infant daughter, Bernice. On a late spring day, Henderson auctioned lots for the planned community.

Bernice was incorporated that same year, and the railroad depot was built soon after. A 1901 picture of Louisiana Street includes the depot, and a c. 1905 interior photograph shows the agent and several local citizens. Restored, today the station is operated as the Depot Museum, displaying a collection of Bernice memorabilia. It also serves as a tourist information center.

Jake Crews was the first mayor. He was a contractor who built many of the earliest homes. Still standing are his own 1900 house, now called the Caldwell Home and said to be the oldest house in town; the 1902 Garland/Reeder House; the 1903 J.W. Heard/Laurence/Patton House; and the 1904 Thomas Heard House. Other turn-of-the century structures are the Cook/Minter House, the John Roach House and the Rives/Lindsey Hotel. The first brick home in town was the Pollock/Martin House, which dates from the 1920s, as does the old Bernice Jail.^[4]

The circa 1895 Alabama Methodist Church is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Lynn Log House was moved to its present location and reconstructed from an antebellum dogtrot house that once stood across the road.

Captain Henderson donated land to the town to be named Oakhurst Park. It was filled with oak trees surrounding a gazebo where public functions were held during the early years. In 1938, the Bernice Clubhouse was built in the park, and it remains in use today. Nearby was the childhood home of New York Knicks basketball great Willis Reed.

The original town, as laid out by Henderson, has recently been designated as the Bernice Historic District by the town council.

The first store was in a tent and run by a man named Nelson, and the next was a mercantile business in a box car, operated by Will Martin. Other merchants soon followed, many of them coming from Shiloh, and the Bank of Bernice was chartered in 1901. With lumber the major factor in the economy, usually one mill, and often two, have operated here. A saloon and pool hall were among the early businesses, and it was not unusual to see a fight among lumbermen on Saturday afternoons in the middle of the red dirt main street under the sycamore trees. In the early part of the century, the Bernice and Northwestern Railroad Company, also known as "the dummy line", headed northwesterly toward Summerfield to haul in the logs from the lumber camps along the way.

Although Bernice has changed from its rough and tumble early days, it still has a sawmill and a chip mill operating. The Lindsey warehouse complex of 63 buildings provides space for several timber-related industries. The town also has a hospital, a nursing home, a volunteer fire department, several churches, and numerous small businesses.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.2 square miles (8.3 km²), of which 3.2 square miles (8.3 km²) is land and 0.31% is water.

Major highways

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.	%±
1910	781	—
1920	862	10.4%
1930	965	11.9%
1940	1,071	11.0%
1950	1,524	42.3%
1960	1,641	7.7%
1970	1,794	9.3%
1980	1,956	9.0%
1990	1,543	−21.1%
2000	1,809	17.2%
2010	1,689	−6.6%
2020	1,356	−19.7%
U.S. Decennial Census^[5]

Bernice racial composition as of 2020^[6]
Race	Number	Percentage
White (non-Hispanic)	319	23.53%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic)	796	58.7%
Native American	3	0.22%
Asian	3	0.22%
Pacific Islander	1	0.07%
Other/Mixed	31	2.29%
Hispanic or Latino	203	14.97%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,356 people, 571 households, and 326 families residing in the town.

Education

Residents are assigned to Union Parish Public Schools. The Bernice school which served grades K-12 closed in 2013, and all students throughout Union Parish attend schools in the parish seat, Farmerville.