Bernard Braine

The Right Honourable
The Lord Braine of Wheatley
PC
The Right Honourable The Lord Braine of Wheatley PC
	Braine in Hanover, September 1983
Father of the House of Commons
	In office; 18 May 1987 – 9 April 1992
Speaker	Bernard Weatherill;
Preceded by	James Callaghan
Succeeded by	Edward Heath
Shadow Minister for Overseas Development
	In office; 4 October 1967 – 15 June 1970
Leader	Edward Heath
Preceded by	Richard Wood
Succeeded by	Judith Hart
Member of Parliament; for Castle Point; South East Essex (1955–1983)
	In office; 26 May 1955 – 16 March 1992
Preceded by	Constituency established
Succeeded by	Bob Spink
Member of Parliament; for Billericay
	In office; 23 February 1950 – 6 May 1955
Preceded by	Constituency established
Succeeded by	Richard Body
Personal details
Born	24 June 1914; Ealing, London
Died	5 January 2000 (aged 85); Southend, Essex
Political party	Conservative
Military service
Rank	Lieutenant-Colonel
Unit	North Staffordshire Regiment

Bernard Richard Braine, Baron Braine of Wheatley, PC (24 June 1914 – 5 January 2000)^[2] was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for 42 years, from 1950 to 1992, representing constituencies in Essex.

Early life

He was educated at Hendon County Grammar School,^[3] and served with the North Staffordshire Regiment in the Second World War, rising to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel.

Political career

In 1948, Braine opposed GATT, arguing that it limited imperial preference.^[4]

Having stood unsuccessfully for Leyton East in 1945, Braine was elected as MP for Billericay at the 1950 general election. When constituency boundaries were revised for the 1955 election he was returned for the new South East Essex constituency, and when that constituency was abolished for the 1983 general election, he was elected for the new Castle Point constituency, becoming Father of the House of Commons in 1987 after James Callaghan's elevation to the House of Lords.

During his long parliamentary career, Braine served as a junior Minister variously for Pensions, Commonwealth Relations and Health.^[1]

He was chairman of the National Council on Alcoholism, and author of the report Alcohol and Work (1977), widely known as the Braine Report.^[5] He was a member of the Parliamentary Groups on Human Rights and against abortion. For many years he served as an unofficial ambassador of HM's government to the Polish Government-in-Exile in London. He was knighted in the 1972 New Year Honours, and appointed as a Privy Counsellor in 1985.

Braine championed many causes involving oppressed people. Among them was the Campaign for the Defence of the Unjustly Prosecuted, of which he was President and later Chairman during 1980–1987.^[6] In this capacity and in collaboration with the exiled journalist Josef Josten, he campaigned vigorously for the release from prison of the dissident playwright Vaclav Havel, who later became President of the Czech Republic. He was decorated by Havel at a ceremony in Prague Castle on 28 October 1995.

Later life

Braine stepped down from Parliament at the 1992 general election, and on 10 August that year he was made a life peer as Baron Braine of Wheatley, of Rayleigh in the County of Essex.^[7] He died in January 2000 at the age of 85.

Arms

Coat of arms of Bernard Braine
Crest Rising from a circlet of four chained portcullises Or alternating with pairs of tailor's scissors an arm embowed in armour holding a sword the blade proper hilt quillons and pommel Or striking an arc of fetters also Proper. Escutcheon Or a raven sable on a chief Azure between two wheatsheaves a spur Gold. Supporters On either side a fawn Proper that to the dexter gorged with a collar Argent fimbriated Gules and charged on each shoulder with an ostrich plume Proper spined Or (one manifest) that to the sinister gorged with a like collar Argent fimbriated Or and similarly charged with like ostrich plumes. Motto Repugna Contra Iniustitiam Et Mala ^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Tory Stalwart dies". BBC News. 5 January 2000. Archived from the original on 16 January 2006. Retrieved 18 January 2007.
^ Roth, Andrew (7 January 2000). "Lord Braine of Wheatley". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
^ "Lord Braine of Wheatley". The Times. 6 January 2000. p. 21.
^ Kahler, Miles (1984). Decolonization in Britain and France: The Domestic Consequences of International Relations. Princeton University Press. p. 132. ISBN 978-1-4008-5558-2.
^ Institute of Alcohol Studies: 'In Memoriam Bernard Braine', 2000.
^ Polišenska, Milada (2009). "Zapomenutý Nepřitel (Forgotten Enemy) – Josef Josten". Prague: Libri. pp. 582 ff. ISBN 978-80-7277-432-6.
^ "No. 53017". The London Gazette. 13 August 1992. p. 13717.
^ Debrett's Peerage. 2000.

External links

Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Bernard Braine
"In Memoriam Bernard Braine". Institute of Alcohol Studies. January 2000. Retrieved 18 January 2007.
Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs
Parliamentary Archives, The papers of Baron Braine of Wheatley, 1947–1994

Parliament of the United Kingdom
New constituency	Member of Parliament for Billericay 1950–1955	Succeeded by Richard Body
New constituency	Member of Parliament for South East Essex 1955–1983	Constituency abolished
New constituency	Member of Parliament for Castle Point 1983–1992	Succeeded by Bob Spink
Preceded by James Callaghan	Father of the House 1987–1992	Succeeded by Edward Heath