777 Naval Air Squadron

777 Naval Air Squadron
777 Naval Air Squadron
	777 NAS badge
Active	1 August 1941 – 25 December 1944; 23 May 1945 – 3 January 1946
Country	United Kingdom
Branch	Royal Navy
Type	Fleet Air Arm Second Line Squadron
Role	Fleet Requirements Unit; Carrier Trials Unit;
Size	Squadron
Part of	Fleet Air Arm
Motto(s)	Expertam docemus arter; (Latin for 'We teach the art which we have gained by experiment')
Aircraft	See Aircraft operated section for full list.
Insignia
Squadron Badge	Blue, over a base barry way of four white and blue an eagle displayed gold armed and langued red gorged with a mural crown red grasping in each talon a trident point downward whte (1945)
Identification Markings	No markings or single letters (1941 - 1944); SA+ Defiants; single letters (1945 - 1946)

777 Naval Air Squadron (777 NAS) was a Naval Air Squadron of the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm, which formed as a Fleet Requirements Unit in West Africa during the Second World War.^[4] Throughout most of 1943, the squadron was responsible for the air defence of Sierra Leone. It disbanded at HMS Spurwing, RNAS Hastings, Sierra Leone, during December 1944. The squadron reformed in May 1945, from 'B' Flight of 778 Naval Air Squadron, as a Carrier Trials Unit operating aboard HMS Pretoria Castle, and using shore bases at HMS Siskin, RNAS Gosport, and HMS Peregrine, RNAS Ford in England, and HMS Wagtail, RNAS Ayr, in Scotland. 777 Naval Air Squadron number was assigned to the aircraft collection at the Fleet Air Arm Museum in April 2006.

History of 777 NAS

777 Naval Air Squadron was originally planned to form on 15 December 1939, as a Reserve Fighter Pool squadron, at RNAS Eastleigh (HMS Raven), Hampshire, England and to have been equipped with Blackburn Roc, a naval fighter aircraft and Blackburn Skua, a dive bomber and fighter aircraft.^[2]

Fleet Requirements Unit (1941 - 1944)

777 Naval Air Squadron was formed at RAF Hastings in Sierra Leone, West Africa on 1 August 1941. This airfield was located 8 miles (13 km) south-east of the port city of Freetown, and was sited about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) north-east of the village of Hastings.^[4] The squadron initially operated only Fairey Swordfish, a biplane torpedo bomber and Blackburn Roc, a naval turret fighter aircraft. However, by 1942 the squadron had acquired some Boulton Paul Defiant interceptor and target tug aircraft and Supermarine Walrus, an amphibious maritime patrol aircraft.^[5]^[6]

Lodger facility for an R.N. Air Section on RAF station from 1 April 1940 had been granted. However, in March 1943, the control of the airfield was given over to the Admiralty and it was commissioned HMS Spurwing, and the airfield was also known as RNAS Hastings.^[7] Between 1942 and 1944, the squadron flew it's Supermarine Walrus amphibious aircraft on search and rescue sorties as well as anti-submarine patrols.^[8]^[9] During 1943, 777 Naval Air Squadron was involved with the air defence of Sierra Leone, a task which they fulfilled for most of the year.^[6]

During the squadron's existence, there were several accidents in April, June and October 1944, three Target Tug Boulton Paul Defiants belonging to the squadron were written off.^{[clarification needed]} It seems that in all three of these incidents, there were no fatalities.^[10]^[11]^[12]

Sub-Lieutenant D.R. Bentley died on 9 June 1943.^[13]

777 Naval Air Squadron disbanded at RNAS Hastings (HMS Spurwing), on 25 December 1944.^[6]^[7]

Carrier Trials Unit (1945 - 1946)

The squadron was reformed on 23 May 1945 from 'B' Flight 778 Naval Air Squadron as a carrier trials unit for service aboard HMS Pretoria Castle. It used a variety of aircraft including Supermarine Seafire and de Havilland Mosquito.^[1]

It was initially equipped with eight aircraft, two each of Fairey Albacore, a biplane torpedo bomber, Fairey Barracuda, a torpedo and dive bomber, Fairey Fulmar a reconnaissance and fighter aircraft and Supermarine Seafire, a navalised version of the Supermarine Spitfire fighter aircraft, but it also utilised various aircraft from 778 Naval Air Squadron. The squadrons role was to undertake trials on aircraft and aircraft carrier equipment (778 NAS was tasked with individual aircraft trials). It initially used RNAS Ayr (HMS Wagtail), South Ayrshire, Scotland as an operational shore base, followed by RNAS Ford (HMS Peregrine), Sussex, England, and then RNAS Gosport (HMS Siskin), Hampshire, England. 777 Naval Air Squadron disbanded back into 778 Naval Air Squadron on 3 January 1946.^[2]

Fleet Air Arm Museum

In April 2006, Rear Admiral Fleet Air Arm allocated 777 Naval Air Squadron number to the aircraft collection at the Fleet Air Arm Museum, at RNAS Yeovilton (HMS Heron), Somerset.^[2]

Aircraft operated

The squadron operated a variety of different aircraft and versions:^[1]^[14]

Blackburn Roc Mk.I fighter aircraft (August 1941 - August 1943)
Fairey Swordfish I torpedo bomber (August 1941 - March 1944)
Supermarine Walrus amphibious maritime patrol aircraft (May 1942 - December 1944)
Fairey Swordfish II torpedo bomber (August 1942 - July 1944)
Boulton Paul Defiant TT Mk I target tug (October 1942 - 1944)
Fairey Fulmar reconnaissance/fighter aircraft (1943-1944)
Vought Kingfisher I observation floatplane (March - August 1944)
Fairey Firefly I fighter aircraft (May - July 1945)
Grumman Tarpon GR.I torpedo bomber (July - December 1945)
Grumman Hellcat F. Mk. I fighter aircraft (July - December 1945)
Fairey Barracuda Mk II torpedo and dive bomber (July - December 1945)
Vought Corsair Mk III fighter bomber (July 1945 - )
Taylorcraft Auster I liaison aircraft (August - December 1945)
de Havilland Mosquito B Mk.25 bomber (October - December 1945)
Supermarine Seafire F Mk III fighter aircraft (October - December 1945)
de Havilland Mosquito FB Mk. VI fighter bomber (November - December 1945)
Supermarine Seafire F Mk XVII fighter aircraft (December 1945)

Naval air stations

777 Naval Air Squadron operated from a number of naval air station of the Royal Navy, in the United Kingdom, a Royal Navy converted Escort Carrier and airbases overseas:^[14]

1941 - 1944

R.N Air Section/Royal Naval Air Station Hastings (HMS Spurwing) (1 August 1941 - 25 December 1944)
- Harper Field (Detachments April - September 1944)
- Roberts Field Airport (Detachments May - October 1944)
disbanded - (25 December 1944)

1945 - 1946

Royal Naval Air Station Ayr (HMS Wagtail) (23 May 1945 - 23 July 1945)
HMS Pretoria Castle/Royal Naval Air Station Ayr (HMS Wagtail) (23 July 1945 - 17 September 1945)
HMS Pretoria Castle/Royal Naval Air Station Ford (HMS Peregrine) (17 September 1945 - 1 November 1945)
- Royal Naval Air Station Gosport (HMS Siskin) (Detachments 10 October 1945 - 1 November 1945)
Royal Naval Air Station Ford (HMS Peregrine) (1 November 1945 - 3 March 1946)
disbanded - (3 January 1946)

2006 -

Fleet Air Arm Museum Yeovilton (6 April 2006 - date)

Commanding Officers

List of commanding officers of 777 Naval Air Squadron with day, month and year of appointment:^[3]

1941 - 1944

Lieutenant Commander C.E. Fenwick, RN, from 1 August 1941
Lieutenant Commander H.J. Gibbs, RN, from 5 August 1941
Lieutenant Commander(A) F.C. Muir, RNVR, from 22 July 1942
Lieutenant Commander(A) C. Draper, RNVR, from 27 September 1943
Lieutenant Commander(A) M.N. Stewart, RN, from 15 March 1944
disbanded - 25 December 1944

1945 - 1946

Lieutenant Commander(A) D.R. Carter, RNVR, from 23 May 1945
Lieutenant Commander(A) J.R.N. Gardner, RN, from 4 June 1945
disbanded - 3 January 1946

References

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c Sturtivant, Ballance 1994, p. 97.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Ballance, Howard & Sturtivant 2016, p. 79.
^ ^a ^b Wragg 2019, p. 133.
^ ^a ^b Drury, Tony (2013). "Fleet Air Arm Bases 1939 to the present:RNAS Hastings". Retrieved 21 September 2015.
^ Dresner, Jim. "Corporal Timothy Joseph Mahoney RM". Biography. Flying Marines. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c Wragg,David (2005). Stringbag: The Fairey Swordfish at War. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. p. 189. ISBN 9781844151301.
^ ^a ^b Drury, Tony (2013). "Fleet Air Arm Bases 1939 to the present:RNAS Hastings". Retrieved 21 September 2015.
^ "Naval Obituaries". Dennis Kirby – obituary. 16 February 2014. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
^ Murray, Cathy (2013). "I Think I Prefer the Tinned Variety(Blog)". Norman Buckle's diary. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
^ "ASN Aircraft Accident 21-APR-1944 Boulton Paul Defiant TT Mk I AA432". Aviation-Safety Network. 2008. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
^ "ASN Aircraft Accident 02-JUN-1944 Boulton Paul Defiant TT Mk I AA431". Aviation Safety Network. 2008. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
^ "ASN Aircraft Accident 11-OCT-1944 Boulton Paul Defiant TT Mk I DR 884". Aviation Safety Network. 2013. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
^ Kindell, Don. Gordon Smith (ed.). "Casualty Lists of the Royal Navy and Dominion Navies, World War 2 1st – 30th JUNE 1943". Retrieved 21 September 2015.
^ ^a ^b Ballance, Howard & Sturtivant 2016, p. 80.

Bibliography

Ballance, Theo; Howard, Lee; Sturtivant, Ray (2016). The Squadrons and Units of the Fleet Air Arm. Air Britain Historians Limited. ISBN 978-0-85130-489-2.
Sturtivant, R; Ballance, T (1994). The Squadrons of The Fleet Air Arm. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 0-85130-223-8.
Wragg, David (2019). The Fleet Air Arm Handbook 1939-1945. Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, UK: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7509-9303-6.