Roscoe Lee Brown

Untuk the Tuskegee Airman, lihat Roscoe Brown.

Roscoe Lee Browne
Roscoe Lee Browne (in 1979)
Lahir	(1922-05-02)2 Mei 1922[1] Woodbury, New Jersey, U.S.
Meninggal	11 April 2007(2007-04-11) (umur 84) Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Sebab meninggal	Kanker perut
Almamater	Universitas Lincoln
Pekerjaan	Aktor, sutradara panggung
Tahun aktif	1960–2007
Penghargaan (1986) Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series ^(en) Penghargaan Emmy

Roscoe Lee Browne (Mei 2, 1922[2] – April 11, 2007) adalah seorang aktor dan sutradara berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat. Namanya dikenal melalui sulih suara yang indah dan berwibawa. Dia menolak bermain peran-peran kulit hitam secara stereotip, melainkan lebih banyak bekerja di bidang produksi bersama Shakespeare Festival Theater New York City, karya serial satir Leland Hayward di kanal NBC berjudul That Was the Week That Was, dan pembaca puisi yang tampil di seluruh Amerika Serikat, di samping bekerja di dunia film dan televisi.

Tahun 1976, Browne dinominasikan dalam Emmy Award untuk kategori Penampil Tunggal Terpuji dengan mendukung aktor dalam sebuah serial drama komedi di kanal ABC, berjudul Barney Miller. Tahun 1986, dia memenangi penghargaan Emmy Award untuk kategori Penampil Tamu Terpuji dalam serial komedi, melalui perannya di kanal NBC berjudul The Cosby Show.[3] Tahun 1992, namanya masuk nominasi dalam Tony Award untuk kategori Best Featured Actor dalam sebuah naskah drama, atas perannya sebagai "Holloway" berjudul August Wilson's Two Trains Running.[4][5] Tahun 1995, dia dinominasikan dalam Daytime Emmy Award untuk kategori Penampil Terpuji dalam program animasi berjudul Spider-Man, atas penampilannya sebagai "The Kingpin".[6]

Browne dimasukkan dalam Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame, tahun 1977[7] dan American Theater Hall of Fame, tahun 2008.[8][9][10][11][12][13][14]

Kehidupan awal dan pendidikan

Lahir di Woodbury, New Jersey, Browne adalah anak keempat dari seorang Pendeta Baptis Sylvanus S. Browne dan istrinya, Lovie Lee (Usher). Dia lulus dari Sekolah Menengah Pertama-Akhir Woodbury pada 1939.[15] Browne kuliah di Universitas Lincoln yang secara historis berkulit hitam di Pennsylvania. Ia lulus dengan gelar sarjana di bidangnya pada 1946, karir kuliahnya terganggu oleh dinas masa perangnya.[16][17]

Selama World War II, Browne bertugas di Italia bersama Divisi Infanteri ke-92 Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat dan mengorganisir tim atletik Divisi.[18] Setelah perang, dia mengambil pekerjaan pascasarjana di bawah GI Bill di Middlebury College, Universitas Columbia, dan Universitas Florence. Merupakan seorang pelari jarak menengah, ia memenangkan dua kejuaraan dalam ruangan nasional 1.000 yard dari Persatuan Atletik Amatir.[19][20]

Dia kadang-kadang kembali ke Universitas Lincoln antara tahun 1946–52 untuk mengajar Bahasa Inggris, Perancis, dan sastra bandingan. Setelah meninggalkan dunia akademis, dia mencari nafkah selama beberapa tahun dengan menjual anggur untuk Korporasi Schenley Import. Pada 1956, dia meninggalkan pekerjaannya dengan Schenley untuk menjadi sepenuhnya aktor profesional.[21]

Pada 1950 dan 1951 dia menjelajahi Eropa (sebagai seorang half-miler) dengan tim Atletik AS.[22]

Kematian

Browne meninggal karena kanker perut di Pusat Medis Cedars Sinai di Los Angeles pada pagi hari tanggal 11 April, 2007, berumur 84. Dia tidak pernah menikah dan mempunyai seorang anak.[23][24][25][26]

Dia dikenang atas kontribusinya dalam encomium New York Times oleh Frank Crohn dari Perkumpulan Edna St. Vincent Millay:

Kami berduka atas kehilangan Wali Amanat berjasa dan teman setia kami. Dia selalu diandalkan untuk mendukung maksud dan tujuan Perkumpulan. Dia mengisi hidup kami dengan suara puisi yang lembut karena hanya dia yang bisa melafalkannya. Sekarang panggungnya kosong dan lampunya diredupkan.[23]

Penghargaan

Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award – Best Actor Award, for his performance as "Makak" in Derek Walcott's The Dream on Monkey Mountain, 1970[27] Bronze Wrangler, the Western Heritage Award - a shared award with the production, for Theatrical Motion Picture, for "The Cowboys," a Warner Brothers film, 1972[28] Primetime Emmy Award nomination - Outstanding Single Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Comedy or Drama Series, for ABC's Barney Miller, 1976[3] Inducted into the Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame, 1977[7] Primetime Emmy Award - Outstanding Guest Performer in a Comedy Series, for NBC's The Cosby Show, 1986[3] NAACP Image Award - Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series, for The Cosby Show, 1986

Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award – Best Actor Award, for his performance as "Bynum Walker" in August Wilson's Joe Turner's Come and Gone, 1989[29] Soap Opera Digest Award nomination - Outstanding Villain: Prime Time, for Falcon Crest, 1989[30] Tony Award nomination - Best Featured Actor in a Play, for his performance as "Holloway" in August Wilson's Two Trains Running, directed by Lloyd Richards, 1992[4][31] Helen Hayes Award - Outstanding Supporting Performer, Non-Resident Production, for Two Trains Running, 1992[32] Daytime Emmy Award nomination - Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program, for his performance as "The Kingpin" in Spider-Man, 1995[33] Inducted posthumously into the American Theater Hall of Fame, 2008[34]

Filmografi

Film The Connection (1961) sebagai J. J. Burden Pie in the Sky (1964) sebagai Preacher Black Like Me (1964) sebagai Christopher The Comedians (1967) sebagai Petit Pierre Up Tight! (1968) sebagai Clarence (a.k.a. "Daisy") Topaz (1969) sebagai Philippe Dubois The Liberation of L.B. Jones (1970) sebagai L.B. Jones The Cowboys (1972) sebagai Jebediah Nightlinger Cisco Pike (1972) sebagai Music Store Owner The World's Greatest Athlete (1973) sebagai Gazenga Super Fly T.N.T. (1973) sebagai Dr. Lamine Sonko Uptown Saturday Night (1974) sebagai Congressman Lincoln Logan's Run (1976) sebagai Box Twilight's Lsebagait Gleaming (1977) sebagai James Forrest Nothing Personal (1980) sebagai Paxton Legal Eagles (1986) sebagai Judge Dawkins Jumpin' Jack Flsebagaih (1986) sebagai Archer Lincoln Moments Without Proper Names (1987) Moon 44 (1990) sebagai Chairman Hall, Galactic Mining Corp. (uncredited) The Mambo Kings (1992) sebagai Fernando Perez Eddie Presley (1992) sebagai Doc Naked in New York (1993) sebagai Mr. Ried Lsebagait Summer in the Hamptons (1995) sebagai Freddy The Pompatus of Love (1995) sebagai Leonard Folder Dear God (1996) sebagai Idris Abraham Forest Warrior (1996) sebagai Clovis Madison Judsebagai Kiss (1998) sebagai Chief Bleeker Morgan's Ferry (2001) sebagai Peabo Behind the Broken Words (2003) Unchained Memories (2003) sebagai Reader Sweet Deadly Dreams (2006) sebagai Devlin

Sulih suara The Ra Expeditions (1972) sebagai Narrator Logan's Run (1976) sebagai Box The Story of Star Wars (1977) The Greatest Adventure: Stories from the Bible (1986) Foofur (1986) Visionaries: Knights of the Magical Light (1987) sebagai Reekon / Merklynn (voice) The Real Ghostbusters (1988-1989) sebagai Edward 'Big Ed' Zeddemore Oliver & Company (1988) sebagai Francis (voice) Ring Raiders (1989) sebagai Narrator Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures (1990) The Pirates of Dark Water (1991) Noel (1992) sebagai Brutus (voice) Batman: The Animated Series (1994) sebagai Dr. Wataki (voice) Freakazoid! (1995) sebagai Great Mystic Gnome (voice) Babe (1995) sebagai Narrator (voice) Spider-Man (1995–1998) sebagai Kingpin / Wilson Fisk (voice) Galapagos: Beyond Darwin (1996) Haiti: Harvest of Hope (1997) Babe: Pig in the City (1998) sebagai The Narrator (voice) The Wild Thornberrys (1998) The Tulsa Lynching of 1921: A Hidden Story (2000) Tresebagaiure Planet (2002) sebagai Mr. Arrow (voice) The Proud Family (2003) sebagai Clarence (voice) Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties (2006) sebagai Narrator (voice) Epic Movie (2007) sebagai Narrator (voice) Smiley Face (2007) sebagai Himself (voice)

Televisi

That Wsebagai The Week That Wsebagai (1964) sebagai Himself NET Playhouse (1967) The Invaders episode The Vise (1968) sebagai Arnold Andrew Warren Insight (1968) sebagai Stranger Mannix (1968) sebagai Dr. Andrew Josephus Espionage (1968) The Name of the Game (1969-1970) sebagai Dean Marshall / Wamumba The Outcsebagaits (1969) sebagai Gideon The Flip Wilson Show (1972-1973) sebagai Himself Bonanza (1972) sebagai Joshua All in the Family (1972-1973) sebagai Jean Duval / Hugh Victor Thompson III Sanford and Son (1972) sebagai Osgood Wilcox The Streets of San Francisco (1973) sebagai Yale Courtland Dancy Good Times (1974) sebagai Reverend Sam Barney Miller (1975) sebagai Charlie Evans Jeffers Starsky and Hutch (1977) sebagai Quatraine Maude (1977-1978) sebagai Mr. Butterfield King (1978) sebagai Philip Harrison Soap (1979–1981) sebagai Saunders Benson (1980) sebagai Howard Walker Hart to Hart (1981) The Cosby Show (1986-1987) sebagai Dr. Barnabus Foster

Magnum, P.I. (1983) sebagai Carlton For Us the Living: The Medgar Evers Story (1983) sebagai Gloster Current Head of the Clsebagais (1986) sebagai Mr. Thomsebagai 227 (1987) sebagai Albert Henry Highway to Heaven (1988) sebagai Dr. Hudsbeth Falcon Crest (1988) sebagai Rosemont A Different World (1988-1992) sebagai Dr. Barnabus Foster Ring Raiders (1989) sebagai Max Miles Columbo: Rest in Peace Mrs. Columbo (1990) sebagai Dr. Steadman Father Dowling Mysteries (1990) sebagai Dennis Cray SeaQuest DSV (1993-1994) sebagai Dr. Raleigh Young The John Larroquette Show (1994) sebagai Mr. Davis New York Undercover (1996) sebagai Dr. Johnson Cosby (1996) sebagai George Lucsebagai, Hilton's Brother The Wild Thornberrys (1999) sebagai Komodo Dragon / Goulam ER (1999) sebagai Rev. Matthew Lynn Hope Island (1999) sebagai Judge Patrick Bradley The Shield (2002) sebagai Bryce Wyms Law & Order (1992-2003) sebagai Aaron Miller / Sir Idris Balewa Will and Grace (2004) sebagai Linus Side Order of Life (2007) sebagai Clarence

Teater

The Taming of the Shrew, New York Shakespeare Festival, East River Park Amphitheater, New York City, 1956. Soothsayer and Pindarus, Julius Caesar, New York Shakespeare Festival, East River Park Amphitheater, 1956. Aaron, Titus Andronicus, New York Shakespeare Festival, Theatre of Emmanuel Presbyterian Church, New York City, 1957. Cothurnus, Aria da Capo, Theatre Marquee, New York City, 1958. Understudy for title role, Othello, New York Shakespeare Festival, Belvedere Lake Theatre, New York City, 1958. Royal Baron, The Cool World, Eugene O'Neill Theatre, New York City, 1960. Understudy for title role, Purlie Victorious, Cort Theatre, New York City, 1961. Archibald Wellington, The Blacks: A Clown Show, St. Mark's Playhouse, New York City, 1961–62. Corporal, General Seeger, Lyceum Theatre, New York City, 1962. Deacon Sitter Morris, Tiger, Tiger, Burning Bright, Booth Theatre, New York City, 1962–63. Fool, King Lear, New York Shakespeare Festival, Delacorte Theatre, Public Theatre, New York City, 1962. Brecht on Brecht (revue), Theatre de Lys, now Lucille Lortel Theatre, New York City, 1962, then Arena Stage, Washington, DC, performed as a staged reading at Sheridan Square Playhouse, New York City, and at Delacorte Theatre, Public Theatre, all 1963. Autolycus, The Winter's Tale, New York Shakespeare Festival, Delacorte Theatre, Public Theatre, 1963. Narrator, The Ballad of the Sad Cafe, Martin Beck Theatre, New York City, 1963. Street singer, The Threepenny Opera, Arena Stage, 1963. Babu, Benito Cereno, American Place Theatre, New York City, beginning 1963, later produced as part of a double-bill titled The Old Glory, Theatre of St. Clement's Church, New York City, 1964. Hell Is Other People (readings), Theatre at Carnegie Hall, New York City, 1964. Male lead, The Empty Room, Village South Theatre, New York City, 1964. St. Just, Danton's Death, Vivian Beaumont Theatre, Lincoln Center, New York City, 1965. Ulysses, Troilus and Cressida, New York Shakespeare Festival, Delacorte Theatre, Public Theatre, 1965. Beyond the Fringe, Goodspeed Opera House, East Had-dam, CT, 1966.

Babu, Benito Cereno, Playhouse in the Park, Cincinnati, OH, 1966. The gardener, Sodom and Gomorrah, Playhouse in the Park, 1966. Mendoza, Man and Superman, Playhouse in the Park, 1966. Sheridan Whiteside, The Man Who Came to Dinner, Long Wharf Theatre, New Haven, CT, 1966. An Evening of Negro Poetry and Folk Music, Delacorte Theatre, Public Theatre, 1966; produced as A Hand Is on the Gate, Longacre Theatre, New York City, 1966; revived at Afro-American Studio, New York City, 1976–77. Mosca, Volpone, New York Shakespeare Festival, Mobile Theatre, New York City, 1967. Makak, The Dream on Monkey Mountain, Center Theatre Group, Mark Taper Forum, Los Angeles, 1970, then St. Mark's Playhouse, 1971. A Rap on Race, New Theatre for Now, Los Angeles, 1971–72. As You Like It, Pilgrimage Theatre, Los Angeles, 1973. Ephraim Cabot, Desire Under the Elms, Academy Festival Theatre, Chicago, 1974. Behind the Broken Words (poetry reading), With Anthony Zerbe. Washington Theatre Club, Washington, DC, 1974, revived at American Place Theatre, 1981, and Denver Center for the Performing Arts, Denver, CO, 2002. Babu, Benito Cereno, American Place Theatre, 1976. Albert Perez Jordan, Remembrance, New York Shakespeare Festival, Other Stage, Public Theatre, New York City, 1979. Pantomime, Goodman Theatre, Chicago, 1981–82. Right Reverend J. D. Montgomery, My One and Only, St. James Theatre, New York City, 1983–84. M. Noirtier, The Count of Monte Cristo, Eisenhower Theatre, Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Washington, DC, 1985. Joe Turner's Come and Gone, Los Angeles Theatre Center, Los Angeles, 1989, then Pittsburgh Public Theatre, Pittsburgh, PA, 1989–90. Holloway, Two Trains Running, Eisenhower Theatre, Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, 1991, then Walter Kerr Theatre, New York City, 1992. House of Flowers, as Roscoe Lee Brown. City Center Encores!, City Center Theatre, New York City, 2003. Balthazar, Romeo and Juliet, New York Shakespeare Festival, New York cities, 1957.

Karya lain

Rekaman

Enjoyment of Poetry: Memorial Program for Claude McKay, Archive of Recorded Poetry and Literature, 1967. Poems, by Edna St. Vincent Millay, Archive of Recorded Poetry and Literature, 1968. Caribbean, Random House Audio, 1989. Selected Shorts: A Celebration of the Short Story, Listening Library, 1989. Martin Luther King Edition: New Testament Value Pack, World Bible Publishing Company, 1991. Audio Bible, World Bible Publishing, 1991. Bible for Today, New Testament, 1992. The Autobiography of Malcolm X, with Joe Morton. Simon & Schuster Audio, 1992. M. C. Higgins, the Great, by Virginia Hamilton Recorded Books, 1993.

Kwanzaa Folktales, by Gordon Lewis^[perlu disambiguasi], Warner Adult, 1994. The Word Workout: 10 Easy Exercises for a Stronger Vocabulary, Dove Books Audio, 1995. The Complete Sonnets of William Shakespeare: With A Lover's Complaint and Selected Songs, Dove Books Audio, 1996. The Poetry of Robert Frost, Dove Books Audio, 1996. Masterpieces of Modern Short Fiction, Audio Literature, 1998. The Haunting of Hill House, New Star Media, 1999. The Bible: Old Testament, King James Version, Audio Literature, 2001. The Poetry of Robert Frost, New Millennium Audio, 2001. The Poetry of Walt Whitman, New Millennium Audio, 2001. KJV on Cassette: New Testament, Nelson Bibles, 2003.

Penampilan ddi radio

• Native villager, The Endless Road, CBS Radio Workshop, CBS, 1956.
• Performer of Shakespearean roles for CBC Radio.

Penulisan

• An Evening of Negro Poetry and Folk Music (readings), Delacorte Theatre, Public Theatre, 1966, produced as A Hand Is on the Gate, Longacre Theatre, New York City, 1966, revived at Afro-American Studio, New York City, 1976–77.
• Behind the Broken Words (poetry reading), Washington Theatre Club, Washington, DC, 1974, revived at American Place Theatre, New York City, 1981, and Denver Center for the Performing Arts, 2002.

Referensi

1. Roscoe L Browne. United States Social Security Death Index. Church of Latter Day Saints. FamilySearch.org. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
2. Browne's year of birth was cited as 1925 through much of his career and at the time of his death. Since then evidence has emerged that he was actually born three years earlier, the most notable of which would be the Social Security Death Index:
   Roscoe Lee Browne [Roscoe L Browne]
   Gender: Male
   Race: Black
   Birth Date: 2 May 1922
   Birth Place: Woodbury, New Jersey
   Father Name: Sylvanus Browne
   Mother Name: Louie [sic] L Usher
   Death Date: 11 Apr 2007
   Type of Claim: Original SSN.
   Notes: Jul 1940: Name listed as ROSCOE LEE BROWNE; 21 Apr 2007: Name listed as ROSCOE L BROWNE
   Source Information: Ancestry.com. U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index.
   Other websites and census data also confirm 1922, as well as a YouTube video in which the actor gives 1922 as his year of birth. However, obituaries in the New York Times, The Guardian and the Los Angeles Times, as well as his profile at IBDb, cite 1925.
3. Roscoe Lee Browne. Awards and Nominations Television Academy. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
4. Two Trains Running Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. 2001- 2016. Retrieved February 23, 2016
5. Roscoe Lee Browne. Director, Performer. Internet Broadway Database. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
6. Roscoe Lee Browne: Awards, Internet Movie Database. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
7. Inductees. Roscoe Lee Browne. Diarsipkan 2019-07-11 di Wayback Machine. Image 80 of 295. Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame. Retrieved February 23, 2016
8. Theater Hall of Fame American Theatre Critics Association. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
9. Dillard, Harrison; McIntosh, Michael (July 17, 2012). Bones: The Life and Times of Harrison Dillard. AuthorHouse. hlm. 48–49. ^[tanpa ISBN]
10. Roscoe Lee Browne Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
11. Roscoe Lee Browne Diarsipkan 2011-09-12 di Wayback Machine., lortel.org. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
12. Robertson, Campbell (April 12, 2007). "Roscoe Lee Browne, 81, (sic) Actor of Stage and Screen, Dies". The New York Times. 
13. Roscoe Lee Brown di IMDb (dalam bahasa Inggris)
14. Annals of College: When She Called^[pranala nonaktif permanen] Off the Blocks. September 21, 2010. Retrieved March 3, 2016
15. Nash, Margo. "Jersey Footlights", The New York Times, November 14, 2004. Accessed September 6, 2009. "Roscoe Lee Browne has acted in many movies, from Cool Hand Luke to The Matrix.... And, by the way, he 'made a good shepherd' in the French class play at Woodbury High School, according to the Woodbury High yearbook in 1939, the year Mr. Brown graduated."
16. Robertson, Campbell (April 12, 2007). "Roscoe Lee Browne, 81, Actor of Stage and Screen, Dies". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal September 7, 2023. 
17. Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Post Obit
18. Dillard, Harrison; McIntosh, Michael (July 17, 2012). Bones: The Life and Times of Harrison Dillard. AuthorHouse. hlm. 48–49. ISBN 978-1477237328. 
19. Roscoe Lee Browne, Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
20. "USA Track & Field - USA Indoor Track & Field Champions". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-05-18.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
21. Bernstein, Adam (April 13, 2007). "Roscoe Lee Browne; Eloquent Actor Of Stage, Screen, TV". Washington Post. Diakses tanggal August 7, 2023. 
22. Meet Results found on newspaper.com [1] Retrieved Oct 20, 2021
23. Robertson, Campbell (April 12, 2007). "Roscoe Lee Browne, 81, (sic) Actor of Stage and Screen, Dies". The New York Times. 
24. "Actor Roscoe Lee Browne dies at 81 (sic) in Los Angeles". International Herald Tribune. Associated Press. April 11, 2007. Diakses tanggal 2007-04-17. 
25. Roscoe L. Browne: Death Record from the Social Security Death Index (SSDI) – GenealogyBank(perlu berlangganan)
26. Profile Familysearch.org. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
27. 1969 – 1979 Awards LA Drama Critics Circle. 2016. Retrieved February 23, 2016
28. Past Western Heritage Award Winners Diarsipkan 2015-12-19 di Wayback Machine.. National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum. 2016. Retrieved March 1, 2016
29. 1980–1989 Awards, LA Drama Critics Circle. 2016. Retrieved February 23, 2016
30. Awards for 1989. Soap Opera Digest Award Internet Movie Database. January 16 1989. Retrieved March 1, 2016
31. Roscoe Lee Browne. Director, Performer. Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. 2001- 2016. Retrieved February 23, 2016
32. HHA Nominees & Recipients Diarsipkan 2018-08-27 di Wayback Machine.. theatreWashington. 2014. Retrieved March 1, 2016
33. Roscoe Lee Browne. Awards Internet Movie Database. 2016. Retrieved March 1, 2016
34. Theater Hall of Fame American Theatre Critics Association (ACTA). 2010-2013. Retrieved February 23, 2016

Pranala luar

• Roscoe Lee Browne on Disney Wiki
• Roscoe Lee Brown di Internet Broadway Database
• Roscoe Lee Brown di IMDb (dalam bahasa Inggris)
• Roscoe Lee Browne on Internet Theatre Database
• (Inggris) Roscoe Lee Brown di AllMovie
• Roscoe Lee Browne at Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved March 1, 2016
• Roscoe Lee Browne profile, at the University of Wisconsin's Actors Studio audio collection Diarsipkan 2014-05-02 di Wayback Machine.. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
• Roscoe Lee Browne's oral history video excerpts, visionaryproject.com. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
• Roscoe Lee Browne biography Diarsipkan 2009-03-30 di Wayback Machine., TheHistoryMakers.com. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
• Profile, blackpast.org. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
• Roscoe Lee Browne reading Donald Barthelme's "At the End of the Mechanical Age"
• Roscoe Lee Browne: My Childhood (video interview). The National Visionary Leadership Project (NVLP)