Pogrom Jedwabne

Pogrom Jedwabne
Pogrom Jedwabne
Bagian dari Perang Dunia II dan Holokaus
	Tugu peringatan di Jedwabne, Kabupaten Łomża, Polandia
Lokasi	Jedwabne, Pendudukan Polandia oleh Jerman
Koordinat	53°17′20″N 22°18′34″E / 53.288792°N 22.309542°E
Tanggal	10 Juli 1941
Jenis serangan	Pogrom/pembantaian
Korban tewas	Sekitar 340 Yahudi Polandia
Pelaku	Sekitar 40 etnis Polandia
Motif	Antisemitisme, perampokan, retribusi kolektif, kolaborasi
Pengadilan	Pengadilan 1949–1950, Republik Rakyat Polandia
Penyelidikan	Penyelidikan 1960–1965, Jerman Barat; Penyelidikan Institut Peringatan Nasional 2000–2003, Republik Polandia;

Pogrom Jedwabne adalah sebuah pembantaian Yahudi Polandia di kota Jedwabne, pendudukan Polandia oleh Jerman pada 10 Juli 1941, dalam Perang Dunia II dan tahap-tahap awal Holocaust.^[3] Sekitar 340 pria, wanita dan anak-anak dibunuh, sekitar 300 orang diantaranya dikunci di sebuah gudang yang disulut api. Sekitar 40 orang Polandia non-Yahudi melakukan pembantaian tersebut;^[a]

Sumber

Catatan

^ Radosław J. Ignatiew (Public Prosecutor, Białystok, 9 July 2002): "A group of Jewish men ... were forced to break up the Lenin monument [that had been erected by the Soviets] ... The group may have comprised 40 to 50 men ... The manner in which the victims from that group were killed is unknown ... Another, larger group of Jewish people ... included several hundred persons, probably about 300, as confirmed by the number of victims in both graves ... That group comprised victims of both sexes, of different ages, including children and infants. The people were led into a wooden thatched barn ... After the building had been closed, it was set on fire ... The crime's perpetrators sensu stricto were Polish inhabitants of Jedwabne and men from nearby places—at least some forty men."^[1]

Kutipan

^ ^a ^b ^c Ignatiew 2002.
^ "All these acts had four elements in common: antisemitism prevalent in a significant part of the Polish population; looting Jewish property as one of the main motives for aggression; seeking retribution for real or imaginary Jewish cooperation with the Soviet occupant; German incitement – varying in different places, from direct organisation of pogroms to giving encouragement or condoning the behavior." "Pogrom in Jedwabne: Course of Events". POLIN, Museum of the History of Polish Jews. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 September 2019. Diakses tanggal 12 March 2018.
^ Gross 2001, hlm. 14–20; Stola 2003; Persak 2011.

Karya yang dikutip

Baker, Julius; Tzinovitz, Moshe (1980). "My Hometown Yedwabne, Province of Lomza, Poland". Dalam Baker, Julius; Baker, Jacob. Yedwabne: History and Memorial Book. Jerusalem and New York: The Yedwabner Societies in Israel and the United States of America.
Bikont, Anna (2015) [2004]. The Crime and the Silence: Confronting the Massacre of Jews in Wartime Jedwabne. Diterjemahkan oleh Alissa Valles. New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux. ISBN 978-0-374-17879-6.
Browning, Christopher R. (2004). The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 – March 1942. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press and Yad Vashem. ISBN 978-0803259799.
Cienciala, Anna M. (2003). "The Jedwabne Massacre: Update and Review". The Polish Review. 48 (1): 49–72. JSTOR 25779370.
Chodakiewicz, Marek Jan (2001). "Research Before Conclusion: The Problems of Shock Therapy in Jedwabne" (PDF). Glaukopis.
Chodakiewicz, Marek Jan (2005). The Massacre in Jedwabne, July 10, 1941: Before, During, After. Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, distributed by Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-88033-554-6.
Crago, Laura (2012). "Jedwabne". Dalam Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Dean, Martin. Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945. IIA. Bloomington and Indianapolis: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. hlm. 899–902. ISBN 978-0-253-35328-3.
Gross, Jan T. (2001). Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-14-200240-7.
Gross, Jan (2003). "Critical Remarks Indeed". Dalam Polonsky, Antony; Michlic, Joanna B. The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland. Princeton: Princeton University Press. hlm. 344–370. ISBN 978-0-691-11306-7.
Hackmann, Jörg (2018). "Defending the "Good Name" of the Polish Nation: Politics of History as a Battlefield in Poland, 2015–18". Journal of Genocide Research. 20 (4): 587–606. doi:10.1080/14623528.2018.1528742.
Holc, Janine P. (Autumn 2002). "Working through Jan Gross's Neighbors". Slavic Review. 61 (3): 454. doi:10.2307/3090294. JSTOR 3090294.
Holc, Janine P. (Spring 2008). "The Massacre in Jedwabne, July 10, 1941: Before, During, After. By Marek Jan Chodakiewicz". Slavic Review. 67 (1): 202–203. doi:10.2307/27652785. JSTOR 27652785.
Ignatiew, Radosław J. (9 July 2002). "Press release on final findings of investigation S 1/00/Zn into the killing of Polish citizens of Jewish origin in the town of Jedwabne, on 10 July 1941, i.e. pursuant to Article 1 point 1 of the Decree of 31 August 1944". Warsaw: Institute of National Remembrance (IPN). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 3 October 2002.
Also in Polonsky, Antony; Michlic, Joanna B., ed. (2003). "Findings of Investigation S1/00/Zn into the Murder of Polish Citizens of Jewish Origin in the Town of Jedwabne on 10 July 1941, pursuant to Article 1 Point 1 of the Decree of 31 August 1944". The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland. Princeton: Princeton University Press. hlm. 133–136. ISBN 978-0-691-11306-7.
Ignatiew, Radosław J. (30 June 2003). "Postanowienie" (PDF). Warsaw: Institute of National Remembrance (IPN). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 14 November 2012.
Kaczyński, Andrzej (2003). "'Burnt Offering', Rzcezpospolita, 5 May 2000". Dalam Polonsky, Antony; Michlic, Joanna B. The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. hlm. 50–59. ISBN 0-691-11306-8.
Kitchen, Martin (1990). A World in Flames: A Short History of the Second World War. Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-03408-2.
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Matthäus, Jürgen (2004). "Operation Barbarossa and the Onset of the Holocaust, June–December 1941". Dalam Browning, Christopher. The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 – March 1942. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. hlm. 244–308. ISBN 978-0803259799.
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Nowak-Jezioranski, Jan (2003). "A Need for Compensation". Dalam Polonsky, Antony; Michlic, Joanna B. The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. hlm. 87–92. ISBN 0-691-11306-8.
Persak, Krzysztof (August 2011). "Jedwabne before the Court: Poland's Justice and the Jedwabne Massacre—Investigations and Court Proceedings, 1947–1974". East European Politics and Societies. 25 (3): 410–432. doi:10.1177/0888325411398915.
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Polonsky, Antony; Michlic, Joanna B., ed. (2003). The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-11306-8.
Polonsky, Antony; Michlic, Joanna B., ed. (2003). "Chronology". The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. hlm. 451–458. ISBN 0-691-11306-8.
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Bacaan tambahan

Darewicz, Krzysztof (10 March 2001). "We Trusted Each Other: Jedwabne Rabbi Jacob Baker". Trans. Peter K. Gessner. Rzeczpospolita.
Gross, Jan T. (2000). Sąsiedzi: Historia zagłady żydowskiego miasteczka (dalam bahasa Polski). Sejny: Pogranicze. ISBN 978-83-86872-13-8.
Gross, Jan T. (2003). Wokół Sąsiadów. Polemiki i wyjaśnienia (dalam bahasa Polski). Sejny: Pogranicze. ISBN 978-83-86872-48-0.
Gross, Jan T. (Autumn 2002). "A Response". Slavic Review. 61 (3): 483–489. doi:10.2307/3090298. JSTOR 3090298.
Grünberg, Slawomir (2005). The Legacy of Jedwabne. Spencer, New York: LogTV (documentary).
Materski, Wojciech; Szarota, Tomasz (2009). Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami [Poland 1939–1945: Casualties and the Victims of Repressions under the Nazi and the Soviet Occupations] (dalam bahasa Polski). Institute of National Remembrance. ISBN 978-83-7629-067-6.

Pranala luar

Media tentang Jedwabne pogrom di Wikimedia Commons

[4] Radosław J. Ignatiew (Public Prosecutor, Białystok, 9 July 2002): "A group of Jewish men ... were forced to break up the Lenin monument [that had been erected by the Soviets] ... The group may have comprised 40 to 50 men ... The manner in which the victims from that group were killed is unknown ... Another, larger group of Jewish people ... included several hundred persons, probably about 300, as confirmed by the number of victims in both graves ... That group comprised victims of both sexes, of different ages, including children and infants. The people were led into a wooden thatched barn ... After the building had been closed, it was set on fire ... The crime's perpetrators sensu stricto were Polish inhabitants of Jedwabne and men from nearby places—at least some forty men."^[1]

[FOOTNOTEIgnatiew2002-1] Ignatiew 2002.

[2] "All these acts had four elements in common: antisemitism prevalent in a significant part of the Polish population; looting Jewish property as one of the main motives for aggression; seeking retribution for real or imaginary Jewish cooperation with the Soviet occupant; German incitement – varying in different places, from direct organisation of pogroms to giving encouragement or condoning the behavior." "Pogrom in Jedwabne: Course of Events". POLIN, Museum of the History of Polish Jews. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 September 2019. Diakses tanggal 12 March 2018.

[3] Gross 2001, hlm. 14–20; Stola 2003; Persak 2011.

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[2]

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Pogrom Jedwabne

Sumber

Catatan

Kutipan

Karya yang dikutip

Bacaan tambahan

Pranala luar

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