Pierre Charles L'Enfant

Pierre Charles L'Enfant

Biografi
Kelahiran	2 Agustus 1754 Paris
Kematian	14 Juni 1825 (70 tahun) Chillum ^(en)
Tempat pemakaman	Permakaman Nasional Arlington, Section 2, Grave S-3 1909 (1909) – {{{4}}} ({{{4}}}) ^.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}38.8811°N 77.0723°W / 38.8811; -77.0723 Chillum ^(en) Januari 1825 (1825-1909) – {{{4}}} ({{{4}}}) ^38.9722°N 76.9767°W / 38.9722; -76.9767
Data pribadi
Kelompok etnik	French Americans ^(en)
Pendidikan	Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture (1771–1776)
Kegiatan
Spesialisasi	Arsitektur
Pekerjaan	arsitek, zeni, Perencana kota
Bekerja di	Akademi Militer Amerika Serikat (1813–1817)
Murid dari	Pierre L'Enfant ^(en)
Cabang militer	Angkatan Bersenjata Kontinental
Pangkat militer	major ^(en)  (1783–)
Konflik	Perang Revolusi Amerika Serikat
Karya kreatif
Karya terkenal (1790) Washington, D.C. (1842) Federal Hall
Keluarga
Ayah	Pierre L'Enfant ^(en)

Pierre Charles L'Enfant (bahasa Prancis: [pjɛʁ ʃɑʁl lɑ̃fɑ̃]; 2 Agustus 1754 – 14 Juni 1825), yang mengidentifikasikan dirinya sendiri sebagai Peter Charles L'Enfant saat tinggal di Amerika Serikat, adalah seorang insinyur militer Prancis-Amerika yang mendesain rencana dasar untuk Washington, D.C. (ibu kota AS) yang sekarang dikenal sebagai Rencana L'Enfant (1791).

Masa kecil dan pendidikan

L'Enfant lahir di Paris, Prancis pada 2 Agustus 1754.

Catatan

Referensi

• Berg, Scott W. (2007). Grand Avenues: The Story of the French Visionary Who Designed Washington, D.C. Pantheon Books. ISBN 978-0-375-42280-5. OCLC 70267127. 
• Bowling, Kenneth R (2002). Peter Charles L'Enfant: vision, honor, and male friendship in the early American Republic. Washington, D.C.: George Washington University. ISBN 0972761101. LCCN 2003385101. OCLC 606900534. Diakses tanggal June 24, 2017 – via Google Books. 
  • Sterling, Christopher (May 2003). "Revisiting an Old Controversy: Review of Bowling, Kenneth R. (2002), Peter Charles L'Enfant: vision, honor, and male friendship in the early American Republic". H-DC: H-Net Reviews: H-Net Humanities and Social Sciences Online. East Lansing, Michigan: The Center for Humane Arts, Letters, and Social Sciences Online: Department of History: Michigan State University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal June 24, 2017. Diakses tanggal June 24, 2017. 
• Bryan, Wilhelmus Bogart (1914). A History of the National Capital from its Foundation through the Period of the Adoption of the Organic Act. 1: 1790-1814. New York: The MacMillan Company. OCLC 902842081. Diakses tanggal December 27, 2017 – via HathiTrust Digital Library. 
• Caemmerer, H. Paul (1970). The Life of Pierre Charles L'Enfant. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0306713810. OCLC 99500. 
• Jusserand, Jean Jules (1916). Major L'Enfant and the Federal City. With Americans of Past and Present Days. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. hlm. 137–195. OCLC 1075914 – via Google Books. 
• Kite, Elizabeth Sarah (1929). L'Enfant and Washington, 1791–1792. Johns Hopkins University Press. OCLC 2898164. 
• Morgan, James Dudley, M.D. (1899). "Maj. Pierre Charles L'Enfant, The Unhonored and Unrewarded Engineer". Records of the Columbia Historical Society. Washington, D.C.: Columbia Historical Society. 2: 118–157. Diakses tanggal August 15, 2011 – via Google Books. 
• Stewart, John (1899). "Early Maps and Surveyors of the City of Washington, D.C." Records of the Columbia Historical Society. Washington, D.C.: Columbia Historical Society. 2: 48–71. Diakses tanggal August 15, 2011 – via Google Books. 
• Worthington, Glen (May 1, 2005). "The Vision of Pierre L'Enfant: A City to Inspire, A Plan to Preserve". Georgetown Law Historic Preservation Papers Series. Paper 9. Diakses tanggal September 2, 2011. 

Bacaan tambahan

• Mann, Nicholas, The Sacred Geometry of Washington, D.C.: The Integrity and Power of the Original Design, Green Magic 2006. ISBN 0-9547230-7-4, ISBN 978-0-9547230-7-1
• Ovason, David, The Secret Architecture of Our Nation's Capital: the Masons and the building of Washington, D.C., New York City: Perennial, 2002. ISBN 0-06-019537-1 ISBN 978-0060195373
• Stephenson, Richard W. (1993). A Plan Whol[l]y new : Pierre Charles L'Enfant's Plan of the City of Washington. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. ISBN 0844406996. LCCN 92028798. OCLC 606533104. Diakses tanggal June 22, 2017 – via Google Books. 

Pranala luar

• (Inggris) Pierre Charles L'Enfant di Find a Grave