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Konflik Karen
Konflik Karen adalah konflik bersenjata yang meletus di Myanmar (Burma) dan dikenal sebagai 'perang saudara terpanjang di dunia'.[4] Gerakan nasionalis Karen telah berupaya untuk memperoleh otonomi atau kemerdekaan dari Myanmar[5] semenjak tahun 1949. Konflik ini berlangsung antara Uni Nasional Karen (bahasa Burma: ကရင် အမျိုးသား အစည်းအရုံး) dengan angkatan bersenjatanya Pasukan Pembebasan Nasional Karen melawan Tatmadaw Myanmar.
Akibat konflik ini, ratusan ribu orang Karen menjadi pengungsi internal, dan banyak pula orang Karen yang melarikan diri ke Thailand.[6]
Catatan kaki
- ^ a b Richard, hlm. 88
- ^ Burma center for Ethnic Studies, Jan. 2012, "Briefing Paper No. 1" http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/BCES-BP-01-ceasefires(en).pdf
- ^ Myanmar Peace Monitor: Stakeholders - DKBA-5
- ^ Callahan M.P., Making Enemies. War and Statebuilding in Burma. Cornell University Press (Ithaca/London, 2013)
- ^ South, A., "Burma’s Longest war. Anatomy of the Karen conflict." Transnational Institute and Burma Center Netherlands: Amsterdam, 2011, hlm. 6
- ^ South, Burma’s Longest war. p. 10 and Shirley L. Worland, "Displaced and misplaced or just displaced: Christian Displaced Karen Identity after Sixty Years of War in Burma" PhD. Philosophy at The University of Queensland, March 2010, hlm. 23
Bacaan lanjut
- Charney, Michael W., A History of Modern Burma. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
- Falla, J., True Love and Bartholomew: Rebels on the Burmese Border. Cambridge University Press: New York, 1991.
- Fredholm, M., Burma: Ethnicity and Insurgency. Praeger: Westport,1993.
- Holliday, I., Burma Redux: Global Justice and the Quest for Political reform in Myanmar. Columbia University Press: New York, 2011.
- Hlaing, Kyaw Yin, Prisms on the Golden Pagoda. Perspectives on national reconciliation in Myanmar. National University of Singapore Press: Singapore, 2014.
- Keyes, Charles F. (ed), Ethnic Adaptation and Identity: The Karen on the Thai Frontier with Burma. Institute for the Study of Human Issues: Philadelphia, 1979.
- Keyes, Charles F., The Golden Peninsula: Culture and Adaptation in Mainland Southeast Asia. University of Hawaii Press: Honolulu, 1995.
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