Kebangsaan Mozart

Dua label yang sering digunakan sebagai kebangsaan dari komponis Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart adalah "Austria" dan "Jerman". Namun, pada masa Mozart hidup, kedua istilah ini memiliki arti berbeda dengan sekarang, karena Austria dan Jerman belum berdiri sebagai negara bangsa modern seperti sekarang.

Mozart sendiri lahir di Salzburg,^[1] ibu kota sebuah negara kecil yang kurang lebih berdaulat yaitu Kepangeranan Uskup Agung Salzburg.^[2] Dari hal ini, dapat disebutkan bahwa kebangsaan Mozart adalah "Salzburg", tetapi penulis biografi jarang menggunakan istilah ini.^[3] Salzburg adalah salah satu dari 300 negara merdeka di Eropa yang berpenduduk penutur bahasa Jerman.^[4] Kebanyakan negara ini, termasuk Salzburg, bergabung dalam suatu entitas yang lebih besar, yaitu Kekaisaran Romawi Suci.^[5] Kekaisaran ini memiliki identitas Jerman dalam berbagai hal, termasuk populasinya yang didominasi penutur bahasa Jerman.^[6] Dari sinilah muncul asosiasi Mozart dengan Jerman. Selain itu Mozart sering disebut sebagai "seorang Austria", karena Salzburg pada saat ini menjadi bagian negara Austria modern (walaupun bukan pada masa Mozart), dan membangun kariernya di Wina, ibu kota Austria.^[7]

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• "'German' Mozart upsets Austrians", BBC News, 7 August 2003, on the occasion of Unsere Besten