Elephas

Elephas; Rentang waktu: Pliosen sampai sekarang
	Gajah asia
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kerajaan:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Kelas:	Mammalia
Ordo:	Proboscidea
Famili:	Elephantidae
Tribus:	Elephantini
Genus:	Elephas; Linnaeus, 1758
Spesies tipe
	Elephas maximus; Linnaeus, 1758;
Spesies
	8; lihat teks

Elephas adalah salah satu dari dua genera dalam famili gajah, Proboscidea. Di dalam genus ini hanya terdapat satu spesies yang belum punah, yaitu gajah asia Elephas maximus.^[1]

Beberapa spesies yang telah punah telah dikategorikan ke dalam genus ini, seperti Elephas recki, Elephas antiquus, serta gajah kerdil E. falconeri dan E. cypriotes. Genus ini berhubungan erat dengan genus Mammuthus.^[2]

Taksonomi

Elephas tergolong dalam famili Elephantidae dan terdiri dari 10 spesies (baik yang masih ada maupun yang sudah punah):^[3]

Elephas maximus – gajah asia):^[1]
- Elephas maximus indicus – gajah india
- Elephas maximus maximus – gajah srilanka
- Elephas maximus sumatranus – gajah sumatra
- Elephas maximus borneensis – gajah kalimantan, telah diusulkan tetapi belum sah;^[4]
- Elephas maximus rubridens – gajah tiongkok †
- Elephas maximus asurus – gajah suriah †
Elephas beyeri † – ditemukan dari sisa fosil yang ditemukan pada tahun 1911 di Luzon, Filipina, oleh von Königswald;^[5]
Elephas celebensis † – gajah kerdil sulawesi, dideskripsikan dari fosil di Sulawesi selatan oleh Hooijer pada tahun 1949;^[6]
Elephas ekorensis † – dideskripsikan dari fosil di Formasi Kubi Algi, Turkana, Kenya;^[3]
Elephas falconeri † – dideskripsikan dari sisa fosil di Malta oleh Busk pada tahun 1867;^[7]
Elephas hysudricus † – dideskripsikan dari fosil yang ditemukan di perbukitan Siwalik oleh Falconer dan Cautley, 1845;^[8]
Elephas hysudrindicus † – ditemukan dari fosil gajah dari masa Pleistosen di pulau Jawa dan berbeda dengan spesies Elephas maximus;^[9]
Elephas iolensis †
Elephas planifrons †
Elephas platycephalus †
Elephas recki †^[10]^[11]
- Elephas recki atavus †
- Elephas recki brumpti †
- Elephas recki ileretensis †
- Elephas recki illertensis †
- Elephas recki recki †
- Elephas recki shungurensis †

Referensi

^ ^a ^b Shoshani, J. (2005). "Order Proboscidea". Dalam Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. Mammal Species of the World (edisi ke-3rd). Johns Hopkins University Press. hlm. 90. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
^ Fleischer, R. C.; Perry, E. A.; Muralidharan, K.; Stevens, E. E.; Wemmer, C. M. (2001). Phylogeography of the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) based on mitochondrial DNA Diarsipkan 2012-03-17 di Wayback Machine.. Evolution 55(9): 1882–1892
^ ^a ^b Maglio, V.J. (1973). Origin and evolution of the Elephantidae. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society Philadelphia Volume 63. American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. Hlm. 149
^ Fernando, P., Vidya, T.N.C., Payne, J., Stuewe, M., Davison, G., et al. (2003). DNA Analysis Indicates That Asian Elephants Are Native to Borneo and Are Therefore a High Priority for Conservation. PLoS Biol 1 (1): e6
^ Von Königswald, G.H.R. (1956). Fossil mammals from the Philippines. National Research Council of the Philippines, Manila
^ Hooijer, D.A. (1949). Pleistocene Vertebrates from Celebes. IV. - Archidiskodon celebensis nov spec.. Zoologische Mededelingen Museum Leiden, 30 (14): 205–226.
^ Busk, G. (1867). Description of the remains of three extinct species of elephant, collected by Capt. Spratt, C.B.R.N., in the ossiferous cavern of Zebbug, in the island of Malta. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 6: 227–306.
^ Falconer, H. Cautley, P. T. (1846). Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, Being the Fossil Zoology of the Sewalik Hills. Smith, Elder & Company, London. Pp. 64.
^ Hooijer, D. A. (1955). Fossil Proboscidea from the Malay Archipelago and the Punjab. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 28 (1): 1–146.
^ Todd, N. E. (2001). African Elephas recki: Time, space and taxonomy. In: Cavarretta, G., Gioia, P., Mussi, M. and M. R. Palombo. The World of Elephants, Proceedings of the 1st International Congress. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, pp. 693–697.
^ Todd, N. E. (2005). Reanalysis of African Elephas recki: Implications for time, space and taxonomy. Quaternary International 126–128: 65–72.

Artikel bertopik mamalia ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[MSW3-1] Shoshani, J. (2005). "Order Proboscidea". Dalam Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. Mammal Species of the World (edisi ke-3rd). Johns Hopkins University Press. hlm. 90. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

[2] Fleischer, R. C.; Perry, E. A.; Muralidharan, K.; Stevens, E. E.; Wemmer, C. M. (2001). Phylogeography of the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) based on mitochondrial DNA Diarsipkan 2012-03-17 di Wayback Machine.. Evolution 55(9): 1882–1892

[Maglio1973-3] Maglio, V.J. (1973). Origin and evolution of the Elephantidae. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society Philadelphia Volume 63. American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. Hlm. 149

[Fernando03-4] Fernando, P., Vidya, T.N.C., Payne, J., Stuewe, M., Davison, G., et al. (2003). DNA Analysis Indicates That Asian Elephants Are Native to Borneo and Are Therefore a High Priority for Conservation. PLoS Biol 1 (1): e6

[5] Von Königswald, G.H.R. (1956). Fossil mammals from the Philippines. National Research Council of the Philippines, Manila

[6] Hooijer, D.A. (1949). Pleistocene Vertebrates from Celebes. IV. - Archidiskodon celebensis nov spec.. Zoologische Mededelingen Museum Leiden, 30 (14): 205–226.

[7] Busk, G. (1867). Description of the remains of three extinct species of elephant, collected by Capt. Spratt, C.B.R.N., in the ossiferous cavern of Zebbug, in the island of Malta. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 6: 227–306.

[8] Falconer, H. Cautley, P. T. (1846). Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, Being the Fossil Zoology of the Sewalik Hills. Smith, Elder & Company, London. Pp. 64.

[9] Hooijer, D. A. (1955). Fossil Proboscidea from the Malay Archipelago and the Punjab. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 28 (1): 1–146.

[10] Todd, N. E. (2001). African Elephas recki: Time, space and taxonomy. In: Cavarretta, G., Gioia, P., Mussi, M. and M. R. Palombo. The World of Elephants, Proceedings of the 1st International Congress. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, pp. 693–697.

[11] Todd, N. E. (2005). Reanalysis of African Elephas recki: Implications for time, space and taxonomy. Quaternary International 126–128: 65–72.

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Elephas

Taksonomi

Referensi

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