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Amerika Serikat dalam Perang Dunia I
Amerika Serikat menyatakan perang terhadap Kekaisaran Jerman tepatnya tanggal 6 April 1917 yang menandai hampir tiga tahun sesudah dimulainya Perang Dunia I. Perang Dunia I diakhiri dengan gencatan senjata 11 November 1918. Sebelum ikut terlibat dalam perang tersebut Amerika Serikat bersikap netral, meskipun telah menjadi pemasok penting bagi Inggris, Prancis, dan kekuatan lain dari Blok Sekutu Perang Dunia I.
Sejak mulai terlibat dalam Perang Dunia I pada tahun 1917, Amerika Serikat banyakan membantu sekutu dengan menyumbang pasokan, bahan baku, dan dana. Pasukan Amerika Serikat dipimpin oleh jenderal berpangkat General of the Armies bernama John Pershing sebagai Panglima Tertinggi Pasukan Ekspedisi Amerika Serikat (singkatan bahasa Inggrisnya adalah AEF), mulai tiba di Front Barat dengan rata-rata 10.000 pasukan per hari tepatnya pada musim panas tahun 1918. Selama masa perang, Amerika Serikat menggerakkan dengan jumlah 4,7 juta pasukannya dan yang gugur sebanyak 116.000.[1] Banyak lembaga baru yang dibuat oleh pemerintah Amerika Serikat yang berfokus untuk upaya perang, dan selain itu terjadi peningkatan dalam jumlah pasukan Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat.
Amerika Serikat sedang mengalami peralihan lambat dari ekonomi dan tenaga kerja yang fokus untuk kebutuhan rakyat menjadi ekonomi dan tenaga kerja yang berfokus untuk kebutuhan perang. Mulai musim semi tahun 1918, Amerika Serikat sudah siap untuk ikut mengambil peran dalam perang tersebut. Presiden Amerika Serikat Woodrow Wilson mengambil kesempatan perang ini pada masa puncak Era Progresif, untuk membuktikan bahwa Amerika Serikat adalah negara yang ingin menyebarkan demokrasi dan reformasi ke seluruh dunia. Banyak warga Amerika Serikat yang protes mengenai keterlibatan negaranya.
Referensi
Sumber
Bacaan lebih lanjut
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Historiografi dan pengenangan
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- Capozzola, Chris, et al. "Interchange: World War I." Journal of American History 102.2 (2015): 463-499. https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jav474
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Pranala luar
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