Al-Samoud 2

Al-Samoud (الصمود, alternatif Al-Samed, yang berarti ketabahan dalam bahasa Arab) adalah rudal balistik taktis roket propelan cair yang dikembangkan oleh Irak pada tahun-tahun antara Perang Teluk dan Invasi Irak 2003. Tentara Irak juga mengembangkan versi roket berbahan bakar padat yang dikenal sebagai Ababil-100.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Rudal itu pada dasarnya adalah Scud yang diperkecil, meskipun sebagian besar berasal dari rudal permukaan-ke-udara Soviet S-75 Dvina. Uji tembak pertama dilakukan pada awal 1997 dan diawasi oleh UNSCOM. Produksi dimulai pada tahun 2001, dan tujuannya adalah perakitan sepuluh rudal setiap bulan. Al Samoud 2 tidak sepenuhnya beroperasi pada tahun 2003, tetapi beberapa dari mereka telah dikirim ke tentara Irak.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

Mesin roket berevolusi dari desain S-75 Dvina dan kontrol vektor dorong dari Scud. Sistem ini juga termasuk peluncur mobile yang dirancang Irak mirip dengan Al-Nida, dibangun untuk rudal Al Hussein, yang diproduksi oleh perusahaan Irak Al-Fida.^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]

Rudal itu membawa hulu ledak seberat 280 kilogram yang merupakan setengah bahan peledak tinggi dan setengah cangkang baja pelindung. Bahan peledak memiliki berat 140 kg, terbuat dari campuran 84 kg RDX = 60%, 42 kg TNT = 30% dan 14 kg aluminium = 10%, yang terakhir digunakan sebagai penambah ledakan energik. Muatannya juga dirancang untuk mengunggah berbagai jenis bom.Paket panduan dirakit dengan mengkanibalisasi giroskop dari rudal jelajah Silkworm China. Sebuah sumber dikutip mengklaim bahwa ada sistem panduan inersia dan bahkan GPS yang diimpor secara ilegal dari Belarus, tetapi tuduhan ini belum dikonfirmasi.

Referensi

^ Miller, David: Conflict Iraq: Weapons and tactics of US and Iraqi Forces. Zenith imprint, 2003, page 22. ISBN 0-7603-1592-2
^ Al-Samud
^ Iraq's missile programs Diarsipkan 2015-02-18 di Wayback Machine.
^ Cordesman, Anthony (2003). The Great Iraqi Missile Mystery: The Military Importance of the Ababil, Al Samoud II, Al Fatah, Badr 2000, and Al Huysayn Diarsipkan 2010-02-09 di Wayback Machine.. Center for Strategic and International Studies, 25 February 2003
^ Unmovic - IAEA Press Statement on Inspection Activities in Iraq, 19 February 2003
^ Samoud 2
^ www.globalsecurity.org/Ababil
^ "After Iraq disclosed in its CAFCD that, on at least 13 occasions, its Al Samud II missile had reached ranges beyond 150 km, the UN put a stop to Al Samud II flight-testing until they could further assess the system’s capabilities. UNMOVIC convened a panel of missile experts in February 2003, which concluded that the Al Samud II violated UN statutes, and, therefore, the program should be frozen and the missiles destroyed." www.globalsecurity.org
^ "The missile destruction program was incomplete when the inspectors left in mid-March, leaving Iraq with Al Samud II missiles that could be used against Coalition forces.."(...)"Although there was a freeze ordered by UNMOVIC, according to a former senior official at Al Karamah, Iraq produced approximately 20 missiles during the first quarter of 2003." www.globalsecurity.org
^ "A cache of 12 Al Samoud missiles was found south of Bayji at LD7154 and LD7644 on 21 July 2003 at 1700 hrs.." www.globalsecurity.org
^
The sources claim that only three to five Al-Samoud 2 were actually used by the Iraqis, the remainder missiles were purportedly Ababil-100/Al-Fahd or Laith-90, this latter a locally upgraded version of the Frog-7:
- www.globalsecurity.org/Al Samoud 2
- www.cdi.org Diarsipkan 2003-12-23 di Wayback Machine.
^ www.cnn.com/2003
^ Zucchino, David: Thunder Run: The Armored Strike to Capture Baghdad. Grove Press, 2004, page 162.
^ "He (Lt. Col. Wesley, second in command) had gotten only thirty feet from his vehicle when a powerful Abril (sic) missile hit it dead center." Lacey, Jim:Takedown: the 3rd Infantry Division's twenty-one day assault on Baghdad. Naval Institute Press, 2007, page 243. ISBN 1-59114-458-2
^ Iraqi missile hits Army base, By Steven Lee Myers. The New York Times, 04/07/2003.
^ "On Point - The United States Army in Operation Iraqi Freedom". www.globalsecurity.org. Diakses tanggal 2020-01-15.
^ Nach ersten Erkenntnissen soll es sich um eine irakische Boden-Boden-Rakete vom Typ Ababil-100 mit einer Reichweite von 130 Kilometern handeln. Focus magazine, 14 April 2003, report by Gudrun Dometeit (dalam bahasa Jerman)
^ Perry, Walter L. (2015). Operation Iraqi Freedom: Decisive War, Elusive Peace (PDF). RAND Corporation. hlm. 178. ISBN 978-0-8330-4192-0.

[Miller-1] Miller, David: Conflict Iraq: Weapons and tactics of US and Iraqi Forces. Zenith imprint, 2003, page 22. ISBN 0-7603-1592-2

[Al-Samoud-2] Al-Samud

[3] Iraq's missile programs Diarsipkan 2015-02-18 di Wayback Machine.

[4] Cordesman, Anthony (2003). The Great Iraqi Missile Mystery: The Military Importance of the Ababil, Al Samoud II, Al Fatah, Badr 2000, and Al Huysayn Diarsipkan 2010-02-09 di Wayback Machine.. Center for Strategic and International Studies, 25 February 2003

[5] Unmovic - IAEA Press Statement on Inspection Activities in Iraq, 19 February 2003

[globalsecurity.org-6] Samoud 2

[Ababil-7] www.globalsecurity.org/Ababil

[8] "After Iraq disclosed in its CAFCD that, on at least 13 occasions, its Al Samud II missile had reached ranges beyond 150 km, the UN put a stop to Al Samud II flight-testing until they could further assess the system’s capabilities. UNMOVIC convened a panel of missile experts in February 2003, which concluded that the Al Samud II violated UN statutes, and, therefore, the program should be frozen and the missiles destroyed." www.globalsecurity.org

[9] "The missile destruction program was incomplete when the inspectors left in mid-March, leaving Iraq with Al Samud II missiles that could be used against Coalition forces.."(...)"Although there was a freeze ordered by UNMOVIC, according to a former senior official at Al Karamah, Iraq produced approximately 20 missiles during the first quarter of 2003." www.globalsecurity.org

[10] "A cache of 12 Al Samoud missiles was found south of Bayji at LD7154 and LD7644 on 21 July 2003 at 1700 hrs.." www.globalsecurity.org

[11] The sources claim that only three to five Al-Samoud 2 were actually used by the Iraqis, the remainder missiles were purportedly Ababil-100/Al-Fahd or Laith-90, this latter a locally upgraded version of the Frog-7:
www.globalsecurity.org/Al Samoud 2

www.cdi.org Diarsipkan 2003-12-23 di Wayback Machine.

[12] www.globalsecurity.org/Al Samoud 2

[13] www.cdi.org Diarsipkan 2003-12-23 di Wayback Machine.

[12] www.cnn.com/2003

[13] Zucchino, David: Thunder Run: The Armored Strike to Capture Baghdad. Grove Press, 2004, page 162.

[14] "He (Lt. Col. Wesley, second in command) had gotten only thirty feet from his vehicle when a powerful Abril (sic) missile hit it dead center." Lacey, Jim:Takedown: the 3rd Infantry Division's twenty-one day assault on Baghdad. Naval Institute Press, 2007, page 243. ISBN 1-59114-458-2

[15] Iraqi missile hits Army base, By Steven Lee Myers. The New York Times, 04/07/2003.

[16] "On Point - The United States Army in Operation Iraqi Freedom". www.globalsecurity.org. Diakses tanggal 2020-01-15.

[17] Nach ersten Erkenntnissen soll es sich um eine irakische Boden-Boden-Rakete vom Typ Ababil-100 mit einer Reichweite von 130 Kilometern handeln. Focus magazine, 14 April 2003, report by Gudrun Dometeit (dalam bahasa Jerman)

[18] Perry, Walter L. (2015). Operation Iraqi Freedom: Decisive War, Elusive Peace (PDF). RAND Corporation. hlm. 178. ISBN 978-0-8330-4192-0.

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Al-Samoud 2

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