^Bielenstein, Hans. (1986). "Wang Mang, the Restoration of the Han Dynasty, and Later Han", in The Cambridge History of China: Volume I: the Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C. – A.D. 220, 223–290. Edited by Denis Twitchett and Michael Loewe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521243270
^Hou Han Shu by Fan Ye (Liu Song)Fan Ye, vol. 1 (Biography of Emperor Guangwu), 存档副本. [2011-03-21]. (原始内容存档于2008-02-10).