黑质(Substantia nigra,拉丁语意为“黑色的物质”)是中脑的一个神经核团。黑质的位置位于中脑背盖部(tegmentum)和大脑脚之间。黑质不是一个均一的核团,它可分为结构和功能上都相差很大的黑质致密部(Substantia nigra pars compacta, SNpc),黑质网状部(Substantia nigra pars reticulata, SNpr)和黑质侧部(Substantia nigra pars lateralis)三部分。黑质是基底核的一个附属核团,是有關基底核間互相連絡之重要構造[1]。
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