黃柳霜(英語:Anna May Wong,1905年1月3日—1961年2月2日),又名安娜·梅·黃[1],首位美籍華人好萊塢影星,同时也是第一个获得国际声誉的亚裔美籍女演员。她的职业生涯漫长且丰富,演艺事业跨越了默片、有声片、电视剧、舞台剧以及广播剧。在荷里活星光大道佔有一席位置,是李小龍、成龍、陸錫麟、劉玉玲以外的五位華人之一,更是首位在好萊塢留星的華人女星,位置在藤街(英语:Vine Street)1708號。
在第二次世界大战期间,她淡出影视圈,专注于支援中国的抗战,战后则恢复演艺事业。1951年,她開始擔綱美國的電視連續劇《柳霜女士的藝廊》(The Gallery of Madame Liu-Tsong)。[7]
當她計劃參與《花鼓歌(英语:Flower Drum Song (film))》的演出卻不幸於1961年逝世,享年56歲。[8]在她离世后的数十年里,黄柳霜留给世人的记忆主要是西方人眼中典型而被扭曲的东方形象“龙女”或是她经常饰演的“蝴蝶夫人”式角色。直到黄柳霜诞辰一百周年之际,在三部主流文学作品及她的电影回顾展中,她的生平和演艺事业得到重新评价。人们对黄柳霜生平故事的兴趣仍在持续,又一部关于她的传记于2009年出版。2022年,黃柳霜的人物肖像成為了2022年至2025年版本的美元硬幣25美分的美国女性25美分系列成員,其為入選美國流通的25美分硬币人物之一[9]。她亦是首位肖像出現在現鈔美元硬幣上的亞裔美國人[9][10]。
大约与此同时,美国的电影产业开始从东岸西迁至洛杉矶一带。时常会有电影在黄家所住的街区及其附近取外景。黄柳霜开始去五分钱影院,她很快就迷上了好莱坞电影,于是开始逃学,并且省下午饭钱去看电影。她父亲对她的这一爱好很不满,认为这影响了她的学业,但黄柳霜决心无论如何都要从事电影事业。9岁时,黄柳霜由于常恳求导演们让她饰演角色,从而获得了“C.C.C”的绰号,即“好奇的中国娃娃”的英文首字母。[22]到11岁时,黄柳霜开始使用艺名Anna May Wong参与演出,这个名字是由她的英文名和中文姓氏组成的。[23]
早期生涯
黄柳霜在好莱坞的巴黎市百貨公司(英语:Ville de Paris (department store))工作时,由Metro Pictures公司投资,艾拉·娜兹莫娃指导的电影《紅燈照》(The Red Lantern, 1919)正巧需要300个女孩子作为群众演员。该电影公司的一个客户同时也是黄柳霜父亲朋友,介绍她在电影中出演了一个拿灯笼的女孩子的小配角,当时黄柳霜的父亲并不知晓此事。[24]
^Graham Russell Gao Hodges 郝吉思. 《黄柳霜: 从洗衣工女儿到好莱坞传奇》(PDF). 由王旭; 李文硕; 杨长云翻译. Hong Kong University Press. 2013年1月1日: 1 [2021年10月26日]. ISBN 9789888139644. (原始内容存档(PDF)于2021年12月26日).
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