蛇鷲最初是由約翰·弗雷德里克·米勒(John Frederick Miller)於1779年描述[2],但後來法國自然學家將之分類到自己的屬中。[3]到了1935年,它們被分類到獨立的科下,進一步與其他猛禽疏遠,並得到分子分析的支持。[4]最近的支序分類學分析亦顯示它們是較鷹形目及隼形目古老的分支,但較新大陸禿鷲遲分支出來。[5]Eremopezus有時會被認為是蛇鷲的早期親屬,但由於只發現零碎的化石,所以不能確定。與蛇鷲有關最古老的化石要算是Pelargopappus,其下的兩個物種是屬於漸新世及中新世的,但卻是在法國發現。Pelargopappus的化石很像鷹形目的腳,這有可能就是科內的原始特徵。不過,Pelargopappus卻不被認同是蛇鷲的祖先。[6]
^(拉丁文)Miller, John Frederick. Iconis Animalia. London:. 1779. pt5 pl.28
^(拉丁文)Hermann, Johann. Tabula affinitatum animalium olim academico specimine edita, nunc uberiore commentario illustrata cum annotationibus ad historiam naturalem animalium augendam facientibus. Strasbourg: Argentorati. 1783: p.2+370. 引文格式1维护:冗余文本 (link)
^Wink, Michael; Seibold, I.; Lotfikhah, F. & Bednarek, W. Molecular systematics of holarctic raptors (Order Falconiformes). Chancellor, R.D., Meyburg, B.-U. & Ferrero, J.J. (eds.) (编). Holarctic Birds of Prey(PDF). Adenex & WWGBP. 1998: 29–48 [2010-10-05]. (原始内容存档(PDF)于2012-08-19).
^Mayr, G.; Clarke, J. The deep divergences of neornithine birds: a phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters. Cladistics. 2003, 19: 527–53.
^Caley, Kevin, Fossil Birds, Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott and David Christie (编), Handbook of the Birds of the World, Volume 12, Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 11–56, 2007, ISBN 84-96553-42-6
^ 7.07.17.2Kemp, AC. Family Sagittariidae (Secretarybird). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott A.; Sargatal J. (eds) (编). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 2. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. 1994: 206–15.
^Sherman, P.; Rasmussen P. Sagittarius serpentarius. Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. [2009-06-03]. (原始内容存档于2011-06-15).
^ 9.09.19.29.39.49.59.69.79.8Brown, L. & Amadon, D. Eagles, Hawks, and Falcons of the World. Volume 2. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1968.
^Hockey PAR, Dean, WRJ, Ryan PG (eds). Roberts - Birds of Southern Africa, VIIth ed.. Cape Town: The Trustees of the John Voelcker Bird Book Fund. 2005: p543. ISBN 0-620-34053-3. 引文格式1维护:冗余文本 (link)
^Allan, D.G.; Harrison, J.A.; Navarro, R.A.; van Wilgen, B.W.; Thompson, M.W. The Impact of Commercial Afforestation on Bird Population in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa - Insights from Bird-Atlas Data. Biological Conservation. 1997, 79: 173–85.