萨克议会

议会和司法官法庭的会址
议会印章

议会(英語:Chief Pleas;法語:Chefs Plaids萨克语英语Sercquiais:Cheurs Pliaids)是英国王室属地根西行政区下辖的司法管辖区萨克的立法机关。议会由18名议员组成,任期4年。此外,领主(Seigneur)和议长(由议员选举产生)也被视为议会成员,但他们没有投票权。议员的任期是错开的,一半议员的任期在另一半议员的任期中期开始。因此,每隔两年,9名议员会被选举出来,任期为四年。选举在全萨克岛一个多议席选区内进行,得票最多的9名候选人当选。监督官(Prévôt)、书记员(Greffier)和财务主管也会出席议会,但他们不是议员;财务主管可以就税收和财政问题在议会发表讲话。

然而,如果候选人数不超过需填补的职位数量(包括临时空缺),则所有候选人将被直接宣布当选,无需实际选举。在2014年英语2014 Sark general election2016年英语2016 Sark general election的议会选举中都发生了这种情况。

直到2008年,萨克议会由土地租户和12名人民代表组成,这12名代表是当时萨克大多数人仅有的民意代表,该职位于1922年设立。领主和主持议会的司法官(Seneschal)也是议会成员。

自2000年以来,萨克议会一直在进行改革,以应对内部和国际压力。2006年3月8日,议会以25票对15票通过了一项创设包括领主、司法官、14名民选的地主议员和14名民选的非地主议员的新立法机关的提案。但英国大法官杰克·斯特劳明确表示,对这一选项不予考虑[1][2][3]

在改革的两个选项中,一个是完全由选举产生立法机构,另一个是部分席位保留给选举产生的土地租户,56%的居民表示更倾向于完全由选举产生立法机构。在进行民意调查后,议会于2006年10月4日投票决定,由普选产生的28名议员取代议会中的12名人民代表和40名土地租户。这一决定在2007年1月被暂停,因为有人指出在民意调查中获得的56%对44%的多数未达到宪法变更所需的60%多数。该决定被新的提案所取代,该提案主张在2008年—2012年,议会应由16名土地租户和12名普选产生的议员组成,然后通过具有约束力的公投决定是否保留这一组成或改为28名议员。该提案被枢密院否绝,28名议员的选项在2008年2月被恢复,并在同年4月获得枢密院批准[4][5][6][7]

2003年,萨克议会投票决定修改岛上长期以来的离婚禁令,赋予根西王家法院允许离婚的权力[8]

2017年,由于缺乏候选人参选,议员人数从28名减少到18名,每两年选举9名议员。

根西行政区的法律和英国议会的法案可以(后者与其他海峡群岛岛屿一样)延伸至萨克。通常会征求议会的同意,但最高法院在“R诉司法大臣案”中裁定这并非必要。萨克不制定自己的刑事法律;根据2008年《萨克改革法》第4(3)条,制定刑事法律的责任被赋予根西议会[9][10][11]

参考文献

  1. ^ Minutes Extraordinary meeting of the Chief Pleas held on the 8th day of March, 2006 (PDF). sark.info: 8. [21 February 2008]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于15 October 2007). Proposition 1 
  2. ^ Sark set to fight UK over tenants. Guernsey Press. 9 March 2006 [21 March 2015]. 
  3. ^ Deputy's hope for election reform. BBC News. 17 January 2008. 
  4. ^ Island of Sark – Test of opinion on composition of the Chief Pleas (PDF). sark.info. 7 September 2006 [5 May 2008]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于14 April 2008). for 28 Open Seats...234 ... for 12 Seats for Deputies, 8 Seats for Tenants, 8 Open Seats...184 
  5. ^ Minutes of the meeting held in the Assembly Room, Sark on 4 October 2006 (PDF). sark.info: 3. [21 February 2008]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于14 October 2007). 
  6. ^ Minutes of the Easter Meeting of Chief Pleas held in the Assembly Room, Sark on 11–12 April 2007 (PDF). sark.info: 4, 7, 13. [21 February 2008]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于15 October 2007). 
  7. ^ Sark democracy plans are approved. BBC News Online. 9 April 2008 [5 May 2008]. 
  8. ^ Dewe, R. J. The General Purposes & Finance Committee Report on Divorce. sark.info. August 2002. (原始内容存档于14 March 2012). 
  9. ^ R (on the application of Sir David Barclay and another) (Respondents) v Secretary of State for Justice and the Lord Chancellor and others (Appellants) and The Attorney General of Jersey and The States of Guernsey (Interveners) (PDF). The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. 22 October 2014 [5 December 2018]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-10-09). ... in the eyes of the courts the UK Parliament did have a paramount power to legislate for the Islands on any matter, domestic or international, without their consent ... 
  10. ^ R v Secretary of State for Justice [2014] UKSC 54, [2014] 3 WLR 1142, [2015] 1 AC 276, [2014] WLR(D) 446 (2014-10-22)
  11. ^ Parliament - The Chief Pleas. www.guernseyroyalcourt.gg. The Royal Court of Guernsey. 13 September 2011. 

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