米特里達梯王朝（Mithridatic dynasty），又稱為本都王朝（Pontic dynasty），是一個源自波斯的世襲王朝，[1][2][3][4]由米特里達梯一世（也稱基厄斯的米特里達梯三世（Mithridates III of Cius）） 於前281年創立。王朝創立者來自統治基厄斯的波斯最高階層。米特里達梯一世在他父親（基厄斯的米特里達梯二世）被謀害後，逃到帕夫拉戈尼亞，隨後建立本都王國，並採用「Ktistes」（字面意思為建國者）的稱號。[5][6] 這個王朝在米特里達梯六世統治時為極盛時期，版圖最大，他被認為是王朝國王中最偉大者。[7]
米特里達梯六世所率領的王國與羅馬共和國為敵，兩國間共發生過三次米特里達梯戰爭，直到前60年代後期，米特里達梯六世失敗被殺。羅馬在克里米亞的代理國王法爾奈克二世（米特里達梯六世之子）在前48年企圖奪回本都王國故土，但被凱撒大帝在日拉之戰中徹底挫敗。[7]
歷史
這個王朝在米特里達梯六世統治時期，國土擴充達到極盛。他奪取鄰近的科爾基斯和特拉布宗的領土，以及在博斯普魯斯王國國王匹理薩德五世過世後，成功的繼承該國的王位。
但這情況為期不長。他的兒子，即法爾奈克二世在日拉之戰後，被剝奪本都王國的大位，王朝所能控制的僅剩博斯普魯斯王國的領土，但是法爾奈克二世最後仍遭羅馬將領阿桑德驅逐，被取而代之。
這個朝代，透過米特里達梯六世的女兒蒂娜密絲，以及她的後人繼續統治博斯普魯斯王國直到342年為止。博斯普魯斯王國是羅馬帝國治下歷時最久的附屬國，王國後裔的統治者有：
王國統治者
世系圖
參考文獻
- ^ The Foreign Policy of Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus, by B. C. McGing, page 11
- ^ Children of Achilles: The Greeks in Asia Minor Since the Days of Troy, by John Freely, page 69-70
- ^ Strabo of Amasia: A Greek Man of Letters in Augustan Rome, by Daniela Dueck, page 3
- ^ McGing, Brian. 存档副本. Encyclopaedia Iranica. 2004 [2021-07-26]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-24）.
- ^ McGing, B.C. The Foreign Policy of Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus. BRILL. 1986: 15. ISBN 978-9004075917.
In 302 Mithridates II fell under suspicion of conspiring with Cassander against Antigonus and was killed near Cius. His son Mithridates III of Cius inherited the dynasty but was warned by his friend Demetrius that he too was in danger from Antigonus and fled to Paphlagonia. Here he ruled for thirty-six years (302–266) at some stage proclaiming himself Mithridates Ctistes, founder of the kingdom of Pontus and the line of Pontic kings.
- ^ Dueck, Daniela. Strabo of Amasia: A Greek Man of Letters in Augustan Rome. Routledge. 2002: 3. ISBN 978-1134605613.
Mithridates III of Cius fled to Paphlagonia after his father was killed by Antigonus and after he defeated certain Seleucid forces. In 281 BCE he became the first king of the Pontic dynasty and thus acquired the name "Ktistes", founder.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Hewsen, Robert H. Armenians on the Black Sea: The Province of Trebizond. Richard G. Hovannisian (编). Armenian Pontus: The Trebizond-Black Sea Communities. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, Inc. 2009: 41, 37–66. ISBN 1-56859-155-1.
書目
- Dueck, Daniela. Strabo of Amasia: A Greek Man of Letters in Augustan Rome. Routledge. 2002. ISBN 978-1134605613.
The independent Pontic dynasty originated in the highest circles of the ruling Persian nobility in Cius.
