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白堊尖吻鯊; 化石时期：阿爾布期-坎帕期 107.59–73.2 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	白堊尖吻鯊（Cretoxyrhina mantelli）牙齒化石
保护状况
	无效状况
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes
亚类：	鲨总目 Selachimorpha
目：	鼠鲨目 Lamniformes
科：	†白堊刺甲鯊科 Cretoxyrhinidae
属：	†白堊刺甲鯊屬 Cretoxyrhina; Glückman, 1958
模式種
	†Cretoxyrhina mantelli; Agassiz, 1843
種
	†曼氏白堊尖吻鯊 C. mantelli ; Agassiz, 1843 (模式種); †粗齒白堊尖吻鯊 C. denticulata Glückman, 1957; †韋拉科白堊尖吻鯊 C. vraconensis Zhelezko, 2000; †阿格西白堊尖吻鯊 C. agassizensis Underwood & Cumbaa, 2010;
異名
	異名列表角鯊屬 Squalus Squalus mustelus Mantell, 1822; Squalus zygaena Mantell, 1822; Squalus acaule Nilsson, 1827; ; 鼠鯊屬 Lamna Lamna mantellii Agassiz, 1835; Lamna acuminata Agassiz, 1838; Lamna cornubica Schimdt, 1846; Lamna petricoriensis Coquand, 1860; Lamna (Sphenodus) longidens Agassiz, 1876; ; Oxyrhina Oxyrhina mantellii Agassiz, 1838; Oxyrhina subinflata Agassiz, 1876; Oxyrhina extenta Leidy, 1873; ; 耳齒鯊屬 Otodus Otodus appendiculatus Agassiz, 1838; Otodus oxyrhinoides Sauvage, 1872; ; 鯖鯊屬 Isurus Isurus mantelli Agassiz, 1843; Isurus denticulatus Glückman, 1957; ; Pseudoisurus Pseudoisurus mantelli Zhelezko, 2000; Pseudoisurus vraconensis Zhelezko, 2000; ; Telodontaspis Telodontaspis agassizensis Underwood & Cumbaa, 2010; ; ; ;

白堊尖吻鯊（學名：Cretoxyrhina），舊譯白垩刺甲鲨、金廚鯊，是生存於白堊紀的一種大型史前鯊魚。

發現歷史

白堊尖吻鯊是由路易士·阿格西（Louis Agassiz）於1843年命名。後來查爾斯·斯騰伯格（Charles H. Sternberg）於1890年在美國肯薩斯州發現了一個最為完整的標本。這套標本包含了差不多完整的脊椎及超過250顆牙齒，估計長度達20呎。查爾斯將之命名為Oxyrhina mantelli^[7]。

近年發現了更多白堊尖吻鯊的標本。其中一個是於1891年由喬治·史登柏格（George Sternberg）所發現，並存放在慕尼黑博物館。這個標本估計也有20呎長，但因二次大戰轟炸而遭受破壞^[7]。

特徵

白堊尖吻鯊可以長達7.5米-9米，比現今的大白鯊還要大。白堊尖吻鯊的牙齒長達7厘米^[8]，彎曲，邊緣光滑，表面有一層很厚的琺瑯質。

在肯薩斯州尼奥布拉拉白堊層（Niobrara Chalk）所發現的白堊尖吻鯊標本顯示，它們的外觀像現今的大白鯊^[9]。尾鰭顯示它們是一类很活躍的鯊魚，可以游得很快^[9]。

分佈

白堊尖吻鯊分布在森諾曼階至坎帕階的全球海域，包括北美洲的西部內陸海道。

食性

白堊尖吻鯊是它們生存時期最大型的鯊魚之一，屬於海洋中主要的掠食者之一。化石紀錄顯示它們獵食多類水生動物，如滄龍科^[10]、蛇頸龍亞目^[11]、劍射魚^[12]及原蓋龜科^[13]。

參考

^ Kenshu Shimada. Stratigraphic Record of the Late Cretaceous Lamniform Shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli (Agassiz), in Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 1997, 100 (3/4): 139–149. JSTOR 3628002. doi:10.2307/3628002.
^ Mikael Siverson and Johan Lindgren. Late Cretaceous sharks Cretoxyrhina and Cardabiodon from Montana, USA (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2005 [2018-11-24]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-08-09）.
^ David Ward. Fossils of the Gault Clay- Sharks and Rays. The Paleontological Association. 2009: 279–299 [2019-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-31）.
^ J.G. Ogg and L.A. Hinnov. Cretaceous. 2012: 793–853. ISBN 9780444594259. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-59425-9.00027-5. |journal=被忽略 (帮助)
^ Todd Cook, Eric Brown, Patricia E. Ralrick, and Takuya Konish. A late Campanian euselachian assemblage from the Bearpaw Formation of Alberta, Canada: some notable range extensions. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2017, 54 (9): 973–980. Bibcode:2017CaJES..54..973C. doi:10.1139/cjes-2016-0233. hdl:1807/77762.
^ Derek William Larson, Donald B. Brinkman, and Phil R. Bell. Faunal assemblages from the upper Horseshoe Canyon Formation, an early Maastrichtian cool-climate assemblage from Alberta, with special reference to the Albertosaurus sarcophagus bonebed. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2010, 47 (9): 1159–1181. Bibcode:2010CaJES..47.1159L. doi:10.1139/E10-005.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Everhart, Mike. A Giant Ginsu Shark (Cretoxyrhina mantelli Agassiz) From Late Cretaceous Chalk of Kansas. 2009-01-30 [2010-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-08）.
^ 存档副本. [2021-07-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-16）.
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 Shimada, Kenshu, Cumbaa, S. L., Rooyen, D. V. Caudal Fin Skeleton of the Late Cretaceous Lamniform Shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli, from the Niobrara Chalk of Kansas (PDF). New Mexico Museum of Natural History. 2006 [2009-10-02].
^ Rothschild, B. M. Sharks eating mosasaurs, dead or alive? (PDF). Netherlands Journal of Geosciencesvolume 21. 2005, (4): 335–340 [2009-10-02]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-16）.
^ Everhart, M. J. Bite marks on an elasmosaur (Sauropterygia; Plesiosauria) paddle from the Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) as probable evidence of feeding by the lamniform shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli (PDF). PalArch Foundation. 2005 [2009-10-02]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-07-16）.
^ Shimada, Kenshu. Paleoecological relationships of the Late Cretaceous lamniform shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli (Agassiz). Journal of Paleontology. 1997 [2009-10-02]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-09）.
^ Shimada, Kenshu, Hooks, G. E. Shark-Bitten Protostegid Turtles from the Upper Cretaceous Mooreville Chalk, Alabama. Journal of Paleontology. 2004 [2009-10-02]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-09）.

外部連結

國家地理頻道（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Mega Beasts: Sea of Killers （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[ShimadaStrat-1] Kenshu Shimada. Stratigraphic Record of the Late Cretaceous Lamniform Shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli (Agassiz), in Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 1997, 100 (3/4): 139–149. JSTOR 3628002. doi:10.2307/3628002.

[SiversonandLindgren-2] Mikael Siverson and Johan Lindgren. Late Cretaceous sharks Cretoxyrhina and Cardabiodon from Montana, USA (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2005 [2018-11-24]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-08-09）.

[Ward2009-3] David Ward. Fossils of the Gault Clay- Sharks and Rays. The Paleontological Association. 2009: 279–299 [2019-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-31）.

[GeologicTime-4] J.G. Ogg and L.A. Hinnov. Cretaceous. 2012: 793–853. ISBN 9780444594259. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-59425-9.00027-5. |journal=被忽略 (帮助)

[Cooketal2017-5] Todd Cook, Eric Brown, Patricia E. Ralrick, and Takuya Konish. A late Campanian euselachian assemblage from the Bearpaw Formation of Alberta, Canada: some notable range extensions. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2017, 54 (9): 973–980. Bibcode:2017CaJES..54..973C. doi:10.1139/cjes-2016-0233. hdl:1807/77762.

[Larsonetal-6] Derek William Larson, Donald B. Brinkman, and Phil R. Bell. Faunal assemblages from the upper Horseshoe Canyon Formation, an early Maastrichtian cool-climate assemblage from Alberta, with special reference to the Albertosaurus sarcophagus bonebed. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2010, 47 (9): 1159–1181. Bibcode:2010CaJES..47.1159L. doi:10.1139/E10-005.

[GGS-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Everhart, Mike. A Giant Ginsu Shark (Cretoxyrhina mantelli Agassiz) From Late Cretaceous Chalk of Kansas. 2009-01-30 [2010-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-08）.

[8] 存档副本. [2021-07-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-16）.

[CFS-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Shimada, Kenshu, Cumbaa, S. L., Rooyen, D. V. Caudal Fin Skeleton of the Late Cretaceous Lamniform Shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli, from the Niobrara Chalk of Kansas (PDF). New Mexico Museum of Natural History. 2006 [2009-10-02].

[10] Rothschild, B. M. Sharks eating mosasaurs, dead or alive? (PDF). Netherlands Journal of Geosciencesvolume 21. 2005, (4): 335–340 [2009-10-02]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-16）.

[11] Everhart, M. J. Bite marks on an elasmosaur (Sauropterygia; Plesiosauria) paddle from the Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) as probable evidence of feeding by the lamniform shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli (PDF). PalArch Foundation. 2005 [2009-10-02]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-07-16）.

[12] Shimada, Kenshu. Paleoecological relationships of the Late Cretaceous lamniform shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli (Agassiz). Journal of Paleontology. 1997 [2009-10-02]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-09）.

[13] Shimada, Kenshu, Hooks, G. E. Shark-Bitten Protostegid Turtles from the Upper Cretaceous Mooreville Chalk, Alabama. Journal of Paleontology. 2004 [2009-10-02]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-09）.

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