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Hovenweep 國家紀念區（英语：Hovenweep National Monument）內的生物土壤結皮.

生物土壤結皮（biological soil crusts, BSCs, 简称生物结皮)是由蓝细菌、藻类、地衣、苔藓等隐花植物和土壤微生物及其他生物通过菌丝体、假根和分泌物等与土壤表层颗粒胶结形成的一种复合体，是乾旱和半干旱气候土壤表面的生物群落^[1]。生物土壤結皮遍布世界各地，依地形、土質、氣候、植群、微生境、擾動（英语：disturbance regimes）的相異由不同物種組成。

生物土壤結皮具有重要的生態角色，有固炭、固氮、保持結構穩定的功能。也影響土表反照率、water relations、種子發芽、維管束植物的養分含量。^[2]

生物土壤结皮一般划分为藻结皮、地衣结皮和藓结皮3个主要演替阶段^[3]。

参考文献

^ Jin, Xinying; Zhang, Xiaochong; Jin, Duo; Chen, Yun; Li, Jingyu. Diversity and seasonal dynamics of bacteria among different biological soil crusts in the southeast Tengger Desert. Biodiversity Science. 2020-06-20, 28 (6): 718. doi:10.17520/biods.2019298.
^ Belnap, Jayne. Cryptobiotic Soils: Holding the Place in Place. U.S. Geological Survey. August 5, 2013 [May 10, 2016]. （原始内容存档于May 10, 2016）.
^ Su, Y.-G.; Li, X.R.; Zheng, J.-G.; Huang, G. The effect of biological soil crusts of different successional stages and conditions on the germination of seeds of three desert plants. Journal of Arid Environments. 2009-10, 73 (10): 931–936. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.04.010.

外部链接

维基共享资源上的相關多媒體資源：生物土壤结皮
（英文）生物土壤結皮（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 美国地质勘探局峡谷地研究站(USGS Canyonlands Research Station)

[1] Jin, Xinying; Zhang, Xiaochong; Jin, Duo; Chen, Yun; Li, Jingyu. Diversity and seasonal dynamics of bacteria among different biological soil crusts in the southeast Tengger Desert. Biodiversity Science. 2020-06-20, 28 (6): 718. doi:10.17520/biods.2019298.

[belnap_crypto_2013-2] Belnap, Jayne. Cryptobiotic Soils: Holding the Place in Place. U.S. Geological Survey. August 5, 2013 [May 10, 2016]. （原始内容存档于May 10, 2016）.

[3] Su, Y.-G.; Li, X.R.; Zheng, J.-G.; Huang, G. The effect of biological soil crusts of different successional stages and conditions on the germination of seeds of three desert plants. Journal of Arid Environments. 2009-10, 73 (10): 931–936. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.04.010.

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