王浑 (京陵公)

王渾
出生魏黄初四年
223年
曹魏并州太原郡晉陽縣
逝世晉元康七年八月初一日
297年9月4日
西晉
职业曹魏及西晉時期將領

王渾(223年—297年9月4日[1]),玄沖太原晉陽人,三國曹魏西晉時期將領,曹魏司空王昶之子。曾參與攻滅東吳的戰爭,協助西晉統一中國。王渾在西晉官至司徒[2]

生平

早年生活

王渾曾任大將軍曹爽正始十年(249年)司馬懿發動高平陵之變斬殺曹爽,浑循例遭罷黜。爾後復出,先後任懷縣縣令、參安東將軍(司馬昭)軍事,散騎黃門侍郎散騎常侍咸熙年間改任越騎校尉。父親王昶死後承襲其爵位京陵侯

主鎮地方

泰始元年十二月(266年),魏元帝曹奐禪讓帝位司馬炎,西晉建立,王渾加任揚烈將軍,遷徐州刺史。在徐州刺史任內曾開倉賑濟饑荒,而深得人民信賴。後來,王渾又轉任東中郎將,監北諸軍事,並鎮守許昌

王渾後又轉征虜將軍、改監豫州諸軍事、假節領豫州刺史。因豫州與東吳接壤,王渾就在當地宣揚西晉政府的威信,令很多不滿孫皓統治的東吳人士前來投靠西晉。後東吳將領武昌左部督薛瑩和夏口督魯淑號稱領兵十萬,分別進攻新息弋陽;當時正值各州兵馬休息的日子,各地都少了一的兵力,東吳都不提防晉軍會到臨。但王渾則率軍悄悄渡過淮河,出其不意地攻擊東吳軍,並將其擊破。王渾後來又遷安東將軍,都督揚州諸軍事並鎮守壽春。此時東吳又在皖城大舉耕作,意圖為進攻儲蓄軍備。王渾於是派揚州刺史應綽督淮南諸軍進攻皖城的田地,不但擊破在當地鎮守的軍隊,更燒毀大量穀物、稻苗和船隻。王渾又在東面邊界列兵,觀察對面東吳的地形和城池,準備籌劃進攻方略。

平吳一統

咸寧五年(279年)十一月,司馬炎決定發動滅吳戰爭,王渾亦領兵從橫江出擊,又派部下進攻東吳各城,都一一擊破,东吴重兵把守的濡须、东关都被晋军绕过而没能阻拦晋军。東吳厲武將軍陳代和平虜將軍朱明見此更前來投降西晉。此時東吳荊州已大致落入晉軍之手,各路軍隊又攻向建業,孫皓於是派丞相張悌督丹陽太守沈瑩、護軍孫震和副軍師諸葛靚率三萬兵抵擋晉軍,張悌領兵渡江到牛渚並圍困王渾所派的城陽都尉張喬。王渾於是又派安東司馬孫疇和揚州刺史周浚進擊,並將吳軍擊破,張悌、沈瑩和孫震都戰死,又殺了七千八百多人,震驚東吳。及後孫皓派使者送降書給王渾、王濬和琅邪王司馬伷,但王渾因按兵不動,而王濬則一路沿長江到建業,並受降後才渡江。王濬當時因從蜀地直攻至建業而威名遠播,但王渾卻認為他自己率先攻破孫皓中央的軍隊,功勞應當最大,只因當時按兵不動才令王濬比他更快到建業;故此王渾非常不甘心,後悔沒有在擊破張悌後立刻進攻建業,更加多次上奏要揭發王濬的罪狀,稱他不受節度,要求要用檻車押王濬回洛陽,但司馬炎都不應允,而王渾此舉更被人譏諷。及後,司馬炎稱許王渾的軍功,讓他進爵為京陵公,增邑八千戶。王渾及後轉任征東大將軍,重新鎮守壽春。當時王渾不常用刑,處事果斷,而且又妥善安撫了當時心中畏懼西晉政權的東吳遺民,令江東都安定起來,民心都歸附。

位至三公

太康六年(285年)正月,王渾被徵召為尚書左僕射[3],加散騎常侍。此時司馬炎聽從荀勖等人的建議,打算讓一直在洛陽任官的弟弟齊王司馬攸送返封國,王渾上書諫止但司馬炎不聽。太熙元年(290年)正月,王渾升任司徒[4]。不久司馬炎逝世,太子司馬衷繼位,王渾又加任侍中,封國又獲賜士官的殊榮。次年,皇后賈南風聯合楚王司馬瑋誅除輔政的太傅楊駿和他的黨羽,剷除楊氏的勢力後,司馬瑋又意圖殺新任的太宰汝南王司馬亮奪權,手下公孫宏勸司馬瑋找身為舊臣的王渾支持,穩定眾人的心,但王渾卻以疾病為由回府第,又命府第一千多名家兵閉門抗拒司馬瑋,司馬瑋不敢強逼。同年,司馬瑋殺司馬亮後,賈南風又誅殺司馬瑋,並總攬朝政,王渾此時則帶兵前來上任司徒,獲加錄尚書事

王渾早前任官都有非常好的稱譽,但自從任司徒後,聲望卻日漸減退。元康七年八月初一日(297年9月4日),王渾逝世,享年七十五歲,謚號元公

性格特徵

  • 史稱他沉雅有器量,但在他在平滅東吳後與王濬爭功而心生不忿,更上書誣告王濬違反節度要除去他,這種行為在當時惹來譏諷。其後在楊駿被誅後,王渾以舊臣而獲增加所領士兵,但王渾則以司徒是文職和一時得寵為由拒絕增兵,都讓他們為官屬所管。當時的人則認為他謙虛而識體。
  • 王渾跟當時的匈奴任子劉淵結交。齊王司馬攸見劉淵後,更建議武帝司馬炎殺劉淵,以免日後回匈奴五部所在的并州後會禍亂當地,但王渾反對,武帝同意王渾所言而沒有殺劉淵。然而劉淵在數十年後趁八王之亂時自立漢趙,也間接影響了西晉的政權覆滅。[5]

家庭

兄弟姐妹

  • 鍾琰,一名鍾琰之,鍾繇曾孫女(《世說新語·賢媛》)
  • 颜氏。徐州民女,王浑任徐州刺史时娶为后妻,但成礼时没有答拜,故其子王济不视之为后母,而视为妾(《世说新语·尤悔》)

子女

  • 王尚,王渾長子[6],王渾擊退薛瑩等軍後因父功而獲封關內侯,早死。
  • 王濟,王渾次子,嗣子[7],為人奢侈。在西晉官至侍中。
  • 王澄,王渾三子,王渾平滅東吳後獲封亭侯,既有辯才又有才思文采,曾任清要顯達的職位。
  • 王汶,王渾四子,既有辯才又有才思文采,曾任清要顯達的職位。
  • 王氏,嫁卫恒,生衛玠
  • 王氏,嫁裴楷

  • 王卓,王濟庶長子,嗣子,任給事中
  • 王聿,王濟庶次子,嗣嫡母常山公主而封敏陽侯。

參考資料

  • 《晉書·王渾傳》
  • 《資治通鑑》卷八十至八十二
  1. ^ 朱振宏. 〈吳玉貴《資治通鑑疑年錄》補遺〉. 《輔仁歷史學報》 (中華民國: 輔仁大學歷史學系). 1999年6月, (第10期): 第262頁 (中文). 1.惠帝元康七年(二九七)秋,七月,雍、秦二州大旱,疾疫,米斛萬錢。丁丑,京陵元公王渾薨。案:《晉書•惠帝紀》同。元康七年七月丁未朔,月內無丁丑。《惠帝紀》及《通鑑》下文均逕接九月,無八月。是年八月丁丑朔,或以《惠帝紀》、《通鑑》上均脫『八月』。 
  2. ^ 晉書卷四十二列傳第十二王渾等傳. [2009-06-10]. (原始内容存档于2008-08-07). 
  3. ^ 《晉書·武帝紀》:戊辰,以征南大將軍王渾爲尚書左僕射,尚書褚䂮都督揚州諸軍事,楊濟都督荊州諸軍事。
  4. ^ 《晉書·武帝紀》:太熙元年春正月辛酉朔,改元。己巳,以尚書左僕射王渾爲司徒,司空衛瓘爲太保。
  5. ^ 《晉書·載記第一·劉元海傳》齊王攸時在九曲,比聞而馳遣視之,見元海在焉,言於帝曰:「陛下不除劉元海,臣恐并州不得久寧。」王渾進曰:「元海長者,渾為君王保明之。且大晉方表信殊俗,懷遠以德,如之何以無萌之疑殺人侍子,以示晉德不弘。」帝曰:「渾言是也。」
    《資治通鑑·卷八十·咸寧五年》齊王攸聞之,言於帝曰:「陛下不除劉淵,臣恐并州不得久安。」王渾曰:「大晉方以信懷殊俗,奈何以無形之疑殺人侍子乎?何德度之不弘也!」帝曰:「渾言是也。」會豹卒,以淵代為左部帥。
  6. ^ 《晉書王渾傳》前後矛盾,前稱為次子而後稱為長子,現按王尚應為嫡長子而獲別封為關內侯
  7. ^ 晉書王渾傳附王濟傳中稱王濟比王渾早死,以庶長孫王卓嗣爵

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