zh %E6%B5%B7%E9%A9%AC%E6%97%81%E5%9B%9E

海马旁回
海马旁回
	左侧大脑半球内侧（海马旁回位于橙色标记处）
	左侧大脑半球（海马旁回位于橙色标记区）
标识字符
拉丁文	gyrus parahippocampalis
MeSH	D020534
NeuroNames（英语：NeuroNames）	164
NeuroLex（英语：NeuroLex） ID	birnlex_807
TA98	A14.1.09.234
TA2	5515
FMA	FMA:61918
格雷氏	p.826
	《解剖學術語》 [在维基数据上编辑]

海马旁回（英文：Parahippocampal gyrus）是环绕海马体的大脑皮层灰质区，属于边缘系统/边缘叶的一部分^[1]^[2]。海马旁回在记忆存储和调取的过程中扮演重要角色（尤其空间记忆和导航）^[1]^[3]。

结构

海马旁回分为前部和后部：前部包含钩回，与鼻周皮层（有包含关系）、内嗅皮层、后鼻皮层联系紧密；后部舌回相连^[1]^[4]。

海马旁回是枕颞内侧回（medial occipitotemporal gyrus）的一部分、另一部分为舌回，与下方的梭状回（枕颞外侧回）相对应^[2]。海马旁回与梭状回之间有侧副裂隔开^[2]。

功能

海马旁回位置区域（parahippocampal place area）在认知和存储环境场景的过程中扮演重要角色^[5]^[6]。功能性磁共振成像研究发现，该区域在测试者观察地形场景过程中高度活跃，包括风景、城市景观以及房间等^[5]^[6]。该区域损伤的患者，能够认知场景中的具体事物（如人、家具等），但无法认知场景^[7]。

临床

海马旁回与部分海马硬化（英语：Hippocampal sclerosis）的病例有关^[8]。在一些精神分裂的患者中，海马旁回出现不对称^[9]。

图像

海马旁回位于红色标记处
人脑底部（海马旁回位于蓝色标记区）
右侧大脑半球（海马旁回位于红色标记处）

参见

参考资料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Parahippocampal Gyrus - an overview. ScienceDirect. [2021-04-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-21）（英语）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Gaillard, Frank. Medial occipitotemporal gyrus. Radiopaedia. [2021-05-31]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-05）（美国英语）.
^ Bohbot, Véronique D.; Allen, John J. B.; Dagher, Alain; Dumoulin, Serge O.; Evans, Alan C.; Petrides, Michael; Kalina, Miroslav; Stepankova, Katerina; Nadel, Lynn. Role of the parahippocampal cortex in memory for the configuration but not the identity of objects: converging evidence from patients with selective thermal lesions and fMRI. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 2015, 9 [2021-04-05]. ISSN 1662-5161. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00431. （原始内容存档于2019-03-30）（英语）.
^ Gaillard, Frank. Entorhinal cortex. Radiopaedia. [2021-04-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-20）（美国英语）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Mégevand, Pierre; Groppe, David M.; Goldfinger, Matthew S.; Hwang, Sean T.; Kingsley, Peter B.; Davidesco, Ido; Mehta, Ashesh D. Seeing Scenes: Topographic Visual Hallucinations Evoked by Direct Electrical Stimulation of the Parahippocampal Place Area. The Journal of Neuroscience. 2014-04-16, 34 (16): 5399–5405. ISSN 0270-6474. PMC 6608225 . PMID 24741031. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5202-13.2014.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Epstein, Russell; Kanwisher, Nancy. A cortical representation of the local visual environment. Nature. 1998-04-01, 392: 598–601 [2021-04-05]. ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/33402. （原始内容存档于2018-11-06）.
^ Aguirre, Geoffrey K.; Detre, John A.; Alsop, David C.; D'Esposito, Mark. The Parahippocampus Subserves Topographical Learning in Man. Cerebral Cortex. 1996-11-01, 6 (6): 823–829. ISSN 1047-3211. doi:10.1093/cercor/6.6.823.
^ Ferreira, Nelson Fortes; Oliveira, Vanessa de; Amaral, Lázaro; Mendonça, Renato; Lima, Sérgio Santos. Analysis of parahippocampal gyrus in 115 patients with hippocampal sclerosis. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria. 2003-09, 61 (3B): 707–711. ISSN 0004-282X. doi:10.1590/S0004-282X2003000500001 （英语）.
^ McDonald, Brendan; Highley, J. Robin; Walker, Mary A.; Herron, Brian M.; Cooper, Stephen J.; Esiri, Margaret M.; Crow, Timothy J. Anomalous Asymmetry of Fusiform and Parahippocampal Gyrus Gray Matter in Schizophrenia: A Postmortem Study. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2000-01-01, 157 (1): 40–47 [2021-04-05]. ISSN 0002-953X. doi:10.1176/ajp.157.1.40. （原始内容存档于2019-07-19）.

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Parahippocampal Gyrus - an overview. ScienceDirect. [2021-04-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-21）（英语）.

[:22-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Gaillard, Frank. Medial occipitotemporal gyrus. Radiopaedia. [2021-05-31]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-05）（美国英语）.

[3] Bohbot, Véronique D.; Allen, John J. B.; Dagher, Alain; Dumoulin, Serge O.; Evans, Alan C.; Petrides, Michael; Kalina, Miroslav; Stepankova, Katerina; Nadel, Lynn. Role of the parahippocampal cortex in memory for the configuration but not the identity of objects: converging evidence from patients with selective thermal lesions and fMRI. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 2015, 9 [2021-04-05]. ISSN 1662-5161. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00431. （原始内容存档于2019-03-30）（英语）.

[4] Gaillard, Frank. Entorhinal cortex. Radiopaedia. [2021-04-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-20）（美国英语）.

[:1-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Mégevand, Pierre; Groppe, David M.; Goldfinger, Matthew S.; Hwang, Sean T.; Kingsley, Peter B.; Davidesco, Ido; Mehta, Ashesh D. Seeing Scenes: Topographic Visual Hallucinations Evoked by Direct Electrical Stimulation of the Parahippocampal Place Area. The Journal of Neuroscience. 2014-04-16, 34 (16): 5399–5405. ISSN 0270-6474. PMC 6608225 . PMID 24741031. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5202-13.2014.

[:2-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Epstein, Russell; Kanwisher, Nancy. A cortical representation of the local visual environment. Nature. 1998-04-01, 392: 598–601 [2021-04-05]. ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/33402. （原始内容存档于2018-11-06）.

[7] Aguirre, Geoffrey K.; Detre, John A.; Alsop, David C.; D'Esposito, Mark. The Parahippocampus Subserves Topographical Learning in Man. Cerebral Cortex. 1996-11-01, 6 (6): 823–829. ISSN 1047-3211. doi:10.1093/cercor/6.6.823.

[8] Ferreira, Nelson Fortes; Oliveira, Vanessa de; Amaral, Lázaro; Mendonça, Renato; Lima, Sérgio Santos. Analysis of parahippocampal gyrus in 115 patients with hippocampal sclerosis. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria. 2003-09, 61 (3B): 707–711. ISSN 0004-282X. doi:10.1590/S0004-282X2003000500001 （英语）.

[9] McDonald, Brendan; Highley, J. Robin; Walker, Mary A.; Herron, Brian M.; Cooper, Stephen J.; Esiri, Margaret M.; Crow, Timothy J. Anomalous Asymmetry of Fusiform and Parahippocampal Gyrus Gray Matter in Schizophrenia: A Postmortem Study. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2000-01-01, 157 (1): 40–47 [2021-04-05]. ISSN 0002-953X. doi:10.1176/ajp.157.1.40. （原始内容存档于2019-07-19）.

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