^Tucker, Spencer C. (编). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO. 2010: 483. ISBN 978-1851096725.
^David Eggenberger, An Encyclopedia of Battles, (Dover Publications, 1985), 85.
^Morgan, David O. The New Cambridge History of Islam Volume 3. The Eastern Islamic World, Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge U, 2010. p.210 "Although the Safavids experienced military defeat at Chāldirān, the political outcome of the battle was a stalemate between the Ottomans and Safavids, even though the Ottomans ultimately won some territory from the Safavids. The stalemate was largely due to the ‘scorched earth’ strategy that the Safavids employed, making it impossible for the Ottomans to remain in the region"
^Keegan & Wheatcroft, Who's Who in Military History, Routledge, 1996. p. 268 "In 1515 Selim marched east with some 60,000 men; a proportion of these were skilled Janissaries, certainly the best infantry in Asia, and the sipahis, equally well-trained and disciplined cavalry. [...] The Azerbaijanian army, under Shah Ismail, was almost entirely composed of Turcoman tribal levies, a courageous but ill-disciplined cavalry army. Slightly inferior in numbers to the Turks, their charges broke against the Janissaries, who had taken up fixed positions behind rudimentary field works."
^ 10.010.1Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire, ed. Gábor Ágoston,Bruce Alan Masters, page 286, 2009
^Ágoston, Gábor. Firearms and Military Adaptation: The Ottomans and the European Military Revolution, 1450–1800. Journal of World History. 2014, 25: 110.
^Roger M. Savory, Iran under the Safavids, Cambridge, 1980, p. 41
^Keegan & Wheatcroft, Who's Who in Military History, Routledge, 1996. p. 268
^ 15.015.1Kenneth Chase, Firearms: A Global History to 1700, 120.
^Andrew James McGregor, A Military History of Modern Egypt: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War, (Greenwood Publishing, 2006), 17.
^Gene Ralph Garthwaite, The Persians, (Blackwell Publishing, 2005), 164.
^The Cambridge history of Iran, ed. William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Laurence Lockhart, pg. 224.
^The Cambridge history of Islam, Part 1, ed. Peter Malcolm Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis, pg. 401
^The Cambridge History of Islam, Part 1, By Peter Malcolm Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis, p. 401.
^Elton L. Daniel, The History of Iran (ABC-CLIO, 2012) 86
^Gunpowder and Firearms in the Mamluk Sultanate Reconsidered, Robert Irwin, The Mamluks in Egyptian and Syrian politics and society, ed. Michael Winter and Amalia Levanoni, (Brill, 2004) 127
Yves Bomati and Houchang Nahavandi,Shah Abbas, Emperor of Persia,1587-1629, 2017, ed. Ketab Corporation, Los Angeles, ISBN978-1595845672, English translation by Azizeh Azodi.