^Religious service for Byzantine soldiers and the possibility of Martyrdom, c.400 - c.1000, Paul Stephenson: "Just Wars, Holy Wars, and Jihads: Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Encounters and Exchanges", ed. Sohail H. Hashmi (Oxford University Press, 2012), 35.
^ 2.02.1Edward N. Luttwak, The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire (Harvard University Press, 2009), 305.
^Bernard Lewis, The Middle East:A brief history of the last 2000 years (Scribner, 1995), 234–235.
^George Dennis, The Taktika of Leo VI (Dumbarton Oaks, 2010), xiii.