复仇主义的經典例子是法國,1871年普法战争后法国被迫割让阿尔萨斯-洛林予德国,新成立的法兰西第三共和国大部分共和派政治人物声言要一雪前耻,收回失地。復仇主義氣氛在法國社會中流行,當時強調戰敗屈辱的畫作很受歡迎,例如阿爾方斯-瑪麗-阿道夫·德諾伊維爾(Alphonse-Marie-Adolphe de Neuville)的畫作。[4][5][6]受这种思想响使法国努力寻求盟友,促成1894年的法俄同盟,以及后来的三国协约。这是第一次世界大战爆发的最早原因。法國的復仇主義影響了第一次世界大戰結束後1919年的凡爾賽條約,該條約將阿爾薩斯-洛林歸還給法國,並向戰敗的德國索取賠款。凡爾賽條約又導致德国的復仇主義情緒升溫。[7]
占有保持原则(拉丁文名词Uti possidetis,意为“正如你所拥有的”;或是占有地保持原则;此概念经常与有效原则<Principle of Effectivity>相提并论)
參考文獻
^Jay, Robert. Alphonse de Neuville's 'The Spy' and the Legacy of the Franco-Prussian War. Metropolitan Museum Journal. 1984, 19–20: 151–162. JSTOR 1512817. S2CID 193058659. doi:10.2307/1512817.
^Margaret Macmillan, The War That Ended Peace: The Road to 1914 (2013) ch 6
^Jay, Robert. Alphonse de Neuville's 'The Spy' and the Legacy of the Franco-Prussian War. Metropolitan Museum Journal. 1984, 19–20: 151–162. JSTOR 1512817. doi:10.2307/1512817.
^Karine Varley, "The Taboos of Defeat: Unmentionable Memories of the Franco-Prussian War in France, 1870–1914." in Jenny Macleod, ed., Defeat and Memory: Cultural Histories of Military Defeat in the Modern Era (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008) pp. 62–80.
^Karine Varley, Under the Shadow of Defeat: The War of 1870–71 in French Memory (2008)
^Jay, Robert. Alphonse de Neuville's 'The Spy' and the Legacy of the Franco-Prussian War. Metropolitan Museum Journal. 1984, 19–20: 151–162. JSTOR 1512817. S2CID 193058659. doi:10.2307/1512817.
^See W. Schivelbusch, The Culture of Defeat, p. 106 (Henry Holt and Co. 2001)
^Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution, Volume 1. Richard S. Levy, 528–529, ABC-CLIO 2005