後棱蛇屬

后棱蛇属
香港后棱蛇（Opisthotropis andersonii）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	爬行綱 Reptilia
目：	有鳞目 Squamata
亚目：	蛇亚目 Serpentes
科：	水游蛇科 Natricidae
属：	后棱蛇属 Opisthotropis Günther, 1872
模式種
西非後棱蛇 Opisthotropis ater Günther, 1872

後棱蛇屬（學名：Opisthotropis）是蛇亞目水游蛇科下的一個蛇屬。

特征

后棱蛇头部扁平，头颈区分不明显；吻宽而钝圆，吻鳞宽大于高；眼中等大或小，瞳孔圆形或直立亚椭圆形；鼻孔位鼻鳞外侧上方；前额鳞一枚，宽倍于长；上颌齿细小，20-40枚，最后2枚稍大。身体呈圆柱形；鳞片光滑或具棱；背鳞15、17或19行；尾中等长，尾下鳞双行。以蚯蚓、甲壳动物等为食。[1]

物種

截止2022年6月13日，後棱蛇屬下有下列25物種：[2]

• 菲律賓後棱蛇 Opisthotropis alcalai Brown & Leviton, 1961
• 香港後棱蛇 Opisthotropis andersonii (Boulenger, 1888)
• 西非後棱蛇 Opisthotropis ater Günther, 1872
• 莽山后棱蛇 Opisthotropis cheni Zhao, 1999[3]
• 菊氏后棱蛇 Opisthotropis cucae David, Cuong The Pham, Truong Quang Nguyen & Ziegler, 2011[4]
• 道氏后棱蛇 Opisthotropis daovantieni Orlov, Darevsky & Murphy, 1998[5]
• 杜氏后棱蛇 Opisthotropis durandi Teynié, Lottier, David, Nguyen & Vogel, 2014
• 廣西後棱蛇 Opisthotropis guangxiensis Zhao, Jiang & Huang, 1978
• 海河后棱蛇 Opisthotropis haihaensis Ziegler, Pham, Nguyen, Nguyen, Wang, Wang, Stuart & Le, 2019
• 张氏后棱蛇 Opisthotropis hungtai Wang, Lyu, Zeng, Lin, Yang, Nguyen, Le, Ziegler & Wang, 2020
• 沙垻後棱蛇 Opisthotropis jacobi Angel & Bourret, 1933
• 菊里後棱蛇 Opisthotropis kikuzatoi (Okada & Takara, 1958)
• 掛墩後棱蛇 Opisthotropis kuatunensis Pope, 1928
• 側條後棱蛇 Opisthotropis lateralis Boulenger, 1903
• 山溪後棱蛇 Opisthotropis latouchi (Boulenger, 1899)
• 刘氏后棱蛇 Opisthotropis laui Yang, Sung & Chan, 2013
• 黄斑后棱蛇 Opisthotropis maculosa Stuart & Chuaynkern, 2007[6]
• 福建後棱蛇 Opisthotropis maxwelli Boulenger, 1914
• 蘇門答臘後棱蛇 Opisthotropis rugosa (Lidth De Jeude, 1890)
• 深圳后棱蛇 Opisthotropis shenzhenensis Wang, Guo, Liu, Lyu, Wang, Luo, Sun & Zhang, 2017
• 泰國後棱蛇 Opisthotropis spenceri Smith, 1918
• 三岛后棱蛇 Opisthotropis tamdaoensis Ziegler, David & Vu, 2008[7]
• 伊里安後棱蛇 Opisthotropis typica (Mocquard, 1890)
• 武氏后棱蛇 Opisthotropis voquyi Ziegler, David, Ziegler, Pham, Nguyen & Le, 2018
• 赵氏后棱蛇 Opisthotropis zhaoermii Ren, Wang, Jiang, Guo & Li, 2017[8]

参考文献

1. 赵尔宓，黄美华、宗愉等 (编). 中国动物志·爬行纲·第三卷·有鳞目 蛇亚目 第一版. 北京: 科学出版社. 1998: 209. ISBN 7-03-006560-3. 
2. 爬行動物數據庫中Opisthotropis的數據
3. Li C., Liu Q. and Guo P. 2010. Expanded Description of a Chinese Endemic Snake Opisthotropis cheni (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae). Asian Herpetological Research. 1 (1): 57-60
4. David, P., Pham, T. C., Nguyen, Q. T. & Ziegler T. 2011. A new species of the genus Opisthotropis Günther, 1872 (Squamata: Natricidae) from the highlands of Kon Tum Province, Vietnam. Zootaxa. 2758: 43–56: http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/z02758p056f.pdf
5. Orlov, N. L., Darevsky, I. S. and Murphy, R. W. 1998. A new species of mountain stream snake, genus Opisthotropis Günther, 1872. (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae), from the tropical rain forests of southern Vietnam. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 5: 61-64. http://labs.eeb.utoronto.ca/murphy/PDFs%20of%20papers/1998%20Opisthotropis.pdf
6. 2007. A New Opisthotropis (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae) from Northeastern Thailand http://www.bryanlstuart.com/site/Publications_files/Stuart%20%26%20Chuaynkern%202007.pdf
7. Ziegler, Thomas; Patrick David, Vu Ngoc Thanh 2008. A new natricine snake of the genus Opisthotropis from Tam Dao, Vinh Phuc Province, northern Vietnam (Squamata, Colubridae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 84 (2): 197 -203: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zoos.200800004/abstract
8. Jin-Long Ren, Kai Wang, Ke Jiang, Peng Guo and Jia-Tang Li. 2017. A New Species of the Southeast Asian Genus Opisthotropis (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae) from western Hunan, China. Zoological Research. 38(5); 251-263. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.068