帕查玛玛有一个叫做“玛特斯·德·恰拉”(Martes de challa,恰拉的星期二)的特别祭拜日,这一天人们要埋食物、扔糖果和焚香。在某些情况下,司仪神父协助艾马拉语称为雅提里斯(yatiris)的传统祭司,执行古代礼仪以带来好运或女神良好的意愿,如祭献豚鼠或烧灼骆驼胎儿(虽然这已不再常见)。该节日与忏悔礼拜二重合,也作为狂欢节和嘉年华会庆祝。帕查玛玛的核心仪式是“恰拉”(Challa)或“帕戈”(Pago)(偿还)。整个八月期间都在举行,许多地方还在每月的第一个周五举行。其他的仪式于特定的日子举行。据阿根廷人类学家,从20世纪70年代至90年代一直研究安第斯文化的马里奥·雷比(Mario Rabey)和鲁道夫·默显罗(Rodolfo Merlino)说,“最重要的仪式是查雅科(challaco)。查雅科是克丘亚语“ch'allay'和'ch'allakuy”的变体,指的是执意泼洒活动[7]。南部安第斯山脉中部农民流行语,“Challar”一词用于“喂饲和给土地喝”的意思。查雅科包括从前一天晚上开始于家中的一系列复杂的仪式步骤。他们要煮一种叫“tijtincha”特殊的食品。仪式的高潮在池塘或溪流边,在那里,人们将提供包括“食物、饮料、古柯叶和雪茄等”[8][9]一系列贡品给帕查玛玛。
^ 1.01.1Dransart, Penny. (1992) Pachamama: The Inka Earth Mother of the Long Sweeping Garment. Dress and Gender: Making and Meaning. Ed. Ruth Barnes and Joanne B. Eicher. New York/Oxford: Berg. 145-63. Print.
^Murra, John V. 印加织物及其功能. 美国人类学家. 1962, 64 (4): 714.
^Merlino, Rodolfo y Mario Rabey. 抵抗及霸权: 安第斯南部邪教与宗教集中的地方. Allpanchis. 1992, (40): 173–200.(西班牙文)
^Molinie, Antoinette. 印加的复活: The Role of Indian Representations in the Invention of the Peruvian Nation. History and Anthropology. 2004, 15 (3): 233–250.
^Crónicas del Descubrimiento y de la Conquista: Cronistas que refieren de cultos telúricos: Pedro Sancho de la Hoz (1534); Miguel de Estete (1534); Pedro Pizarro (1571)
^Mario Rabey y Rodolfo Merlino. Jorge Flores Ochoa , 编. El control ritual-rebaño entre los pastores del altiplano argentino. Llamichos y paqocheros: Pastores de llamas y alpacas (Cusco, Perú). 1988: 113–120.(西班牙文)
^ 9.09.1Merlino, Rodolfo y Mario Rabey. Pastores del Altiplano Andino Meridional: Religiosidad, Territorio y Equilibrio Ecológico. Allpanchis (Cusco, Perú). 1983, (21): 149–171.(西班牙文)
^ 10.0010.0110.0210.0310.0410.0510.0610.0710.0810.0910.10Matthews-Salazar, Patricia. (2006) Becoming All Indian: Gauchos, Pachamama Queens, and Tourists in the Remaking of an Andean Festival. Festivals, Toursism and Social Change: Remaking Worlds. Ed. David Picard and Mike Robinson. N.p.: Channel View Publications. 71-81. Print.
^ 13.013.1Hill, Michael. Inca of the Blood, Inca of the Soul. Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 2008, 76 (2): 251–279.
参考文献
Dransart, Penny. (1992) Pachamama: The Inka Earth Mother of the Long Sweeping Garment. Dress and Gender: Making and Meaning. Ed. Ruth Barnes and Joanne B. Eicher. New York/Oxford: Berg. 145-63. Print.
Hill, Michael (2008) Inca of the Blood, Inca of the Soul: Embodiment, Emotion, and Racialization in the Peruvian Mystical Tourist Industry. Journal of the American Academy of Religion 76(2): 251-279
Hill, Michael D. (2010) Myth, Globalization, and Mestizaje in New Age Andean Religion: The Intic Churincuna (Children of the Sun) of Urubamba, Peru. Ethnohistory 57(2):263-289
Matthews-Salazar, Patricia. (2006)"Becoming All Indian: Gauchos, Pachamama Queens, and Tourists in the Remaking of an Andean Festival." Festivals, Toursism and Social Change: Remaking Worlds. Ed. David Picard and Mike Robinson. N.p.: Channel View Publications. 71-81. Print.
Molinie, Antoinette (2004) The Resurrection of the Inca: The Role of Indian Representations in the Invention of the Peruvian Nation. History and Anthropology 15(3):233-250
Murra, John V. (1962) Cloth and Its Functions in the Inca State. American Anthropologist. 64(4): 710-728