在對抗突厥人的問題上,波斯沙阿伊斯瑪儀一世一直與神圣罗马帝国的查理五世和匈牙利的拉約什二世保持著交流。後來成為西班牙國王的查理五世在1516年至1519年間向波斯派遣使節,冀能建立同盟關係[2]。拉約什二世亦以同一目的在1516年也派遣一名叫彼得魯斯·德·蒙特·利巴諾(Petrus de Monte Libano)的修士到波斯[3]。
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