印度总统是印度国家元首和武装部队总司令,有该国第一公民之称[1][2]。儘管宪法赋予了总统諸多权力,但实际上大多是由总理掌握並行使權力,因此总统通常是象徵性的虛職[3]。
人民院、联邦院及各邦议会的议员组成选举人团,经投票选出总统[2]。印度宪法第56条第五款规定,总统任期五年,如果总统因故无法行使职责或提前辞职,则由副总统继任。第70条第五款规定,如果出现副总统无法代替总统或其他意外情况,国会有权决定如何行使总统职责。[2]
总统所属党派
无党派(29.6%)
印度国民大会党(41.2%)
印度人民党(5.8%)
亚塔纳党(5.8%)
代理总统(17.6%)
1950年《印度宪法》通过、印度共和国独立至今,该国共有14位总统[4],以及三位暂时任职的代理总统。1969年扎基尔·侯赛因在任内去世,瓦拉哈吉里·文卡塔·吉里成为代总统,数月后又赢得总统大选,至今仍是唯一当过代理总统的总统[5]。拉金德拉·普拉萨德是首任印度总统,也是唯一任期超过一届的总统[6]。
九位总统当选前就是印度政党党员,其中印度国民大会党七人,亚塔纳党和印度人民党各一人。扎基尔·侯赛因和法赫鲁丁·阿里·艾哈迈德在任上去世,副总统代理总统职责直至选出新总统。扎基尔·侯赛去世后,代理总统的瓦拉哈吉里·文卡塔·吉里很快就辞职参加大选,穆罕默德·希达亚乌拉继任成为第二位代理总统,直至吉里赢得选举就职为止[8]。2007年,普拉蒂巴·帕蒂尔赢得大选,成为首位女总统[9]。
2017年,拉姆·纳特·科温德赢得大选,于7月25日就职第14任印度总统[10][11]。2022年,德拉帕迪·慕尔穆赢得大选,于7月25日就职第15任印度总统。
歷任印度總統
下表列出所有印度总统和代理总统,其中代理总统无编号。总统不代表任何政党,政党栏只说明当选前所在党派。
代理总统(三人)
亚塔纳党总统候选人(一人)
- 其他符号
†:在任上去世
⸸:未完成任期
*:代理总统
时间轴
在世前总统
肖像
|
姓名
|
任期
|
出生日期
|
|
普拉蒂巴·帕蒂尔
|
2007–2012
|
(1934-12-19) 1934年12月19日(90歲)
|
|
拉姆·纳特·科温德
|
2017–2022
|
(1945-10-01) 1945年10月1日(79歲)
|
参见
参考资料
全局
特定
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