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克里斯托弗·馬洛
Christopher Marlowe
克里斯托弗·馬洛; Christopher Marlowe
	於劍橋大學基督聖體學院的一幅畫，繪者不詳，畫中人相信是馬洛
出生	1564年2月26日領洗; 英格蘭坎特伯雷
逝世	1593年5月30日（29歲）; 英格蘭德普特福德
職業	劇作家、詩人
國籍	英格蘭
母校	劍橋大學基督聖體學院
創作時期	約1586年–93年
文學運動	英格蘭文藝復興戲劇
代表作	Dido, Queen of Carthage
施影響於	威廉·莎士比亞
簽名

克里斯托弗·馬洛（英語：Christopher Marlowe^[1]，1564年—1593年5月30日），英國伊莉莎白年代的劇作家、詩人及翻譯家，為莎士比亞的同代人物。馬洛以寫作無韻詩（blank verse）及悲劇聞名，亦有學者認為他在生時比莎士比亞更出名^[2]。

1593年5月18日，英國政府下令通緝馬洛，但卻並沒有列出任何理由。同月20日，馬洛於被帶到英國樞密院前接受審訊，其後需要每天向他們報到。10天後，馬洛與Ingram Frizer等人爭執期間，被Ingram Frizer用匕首刺死。到了現在，仍沒有人知道他的死與樞密院的審問有沒有關連。^[3]

生平

早年

馬羅在英格蘭東南部的坎特伯雷出生，父親John Marlowe為造鞋匠，母親名Catherine。^[4]馬羅的出生日期不詳，但因為當時嬰兒在出生後必須受洗，而馬羅的領洗日期為1564年2月26日，所以假定他於1564年2月中出生。

馬羅中學畢業於国王公学，其後拿獎學金進入劍橋大學基督聖體學院就讀，於1584年畢業^[5]。

著作

以下日期並不能作準，只能作參考。

戲劇

《迦太基女王狄多（英语：Dido, Queen of Carthage (play)）》（Dido, Queen of Carthage，約1586年，可能與托马斯·纳什合寫）
《帖木兒大帝（英语：Tamburlaine (play)）上集》（Tamburlaine, Part 1，約1587年）
《帖木兒大帝下集》（Tamburlaine, Part 2，約1587年－1588年）
《馬爾他的猶太人（英语：The Jew of Malta）》（The Jew of Malta，約1589年）
《浮士德博士悲劇》（Doctor Faustus，約1589年或1593年）
《愛德華二世（英语：Edward II (play)）》（Edward II，約1592年）
《巴黎大屠杀（英语：The Massacre at Paris）》（The Massacre at Paris，約1593年）

他可能是悲剧《欲念的支配（英语：Lust's Dominion）》（Lust's Dominion）的1657年首版作者，但很多学者反对这个观点。^[6]

詩

翻译古罗马诗人盧坎的《内战记》（Pharsalia，日期不详）
翻译古罗马诗人奥维德的《挽歌》（Elegies，约1580年代）
激情的牧羊人致心爱的姑娘（英语：The Passionate Shepherd to His Love）（The Passionate Shepherd to His Love，约1585年-1593年间）
海洛和利安得（英语：Hero and Leander (poem)）（Hero and Leander，约1593年，未完成；由乔治·查普曼（英语：George Chapman）于1598年完成补写）

注釋

^ "Christopher Marlowe was baptised as 'Marlow,' but he spelled his name 'Marley' in his one known surviving signature." David Kathman. "The Spelling and Pronunciation of Shakespeare's Name: Pronunciation." （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ Robert A. Logan, Shakespeare's Marlowe (2007) p.4. "During Marlowe's lifetime, the popularity of his plays, Robert Greene's...remarks...including the designation "famous," and the many imitations of Tamburlaine suggest that he was for a brief time considered England's foremost dramatist."
^ Nicholl, Charles (2006). "By my onely meanes sett downe: The Texts of Marlow's Atheism", in Kozuka, Takashi and Mulryne, J.R. Shakespeare, Marlowe, Jonson: new directions in biography. Ashgate Publishing, p. 153.
^ This is commemorated by the name of the town's main theatre, the Marlowe Theatre, and by the town museums. However, St. George's was gutted by fire in the Baedeker raids and was demolished in the post-war period - only the tower is left, at the south end of Canterbury's High Street 存档副本. [2010-12-19]. （原始内容存档于2006-10-19）.
^ Marlowe, Christopher （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） in Venn, J. & J. A., Alumni Cantabrigienses, Cambridge University Press, 10 vols, 1922–1958.
^ Logan, Terence P; Denzell S. Smith (编). The Predecessors of Shakespeare: A Survey and Bibliography of Recent Studies in English Renaissance Drama. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. 1973.

延伸閱讀

Brooke, C.F. Tucker. The Life of Marlowe and "The Tragedy of Dido, Queen of Carthage." London: Methuen, 1930. (pp. 107, 114, 99, 98)
Bevington, David and Eric Rasmussen, Doctor Faustus and Other Plays, OUP, 1998; ISBN 0-19-283445-2
Burgess, Anthony, A Dead Man in Deptford, Carroll & Graf, 2003. (novel about Marlowe based on the version of events in The Reckoning) ISBN 0-7867-1152-3
Marlow, Christopher. Complete Works. Vol. 3: Edward II. Ed. R. Rowland. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994. (pp. xxii-xxiii)
Downie, J. A. and J. T. Parnell, eds., Constructing Christopher Marlowe, Cambridge 2000. ISBN 0-521-57255-X
Honan, Park. Christopher Marlowe Poet and Spy Oxford University Press, 2005 ISBN 0-19-818695-9
Kuriyama, Constance. Christopher Marlowe: A Renaissance Life. Cornell University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-8014-3978-7
Logan, Robert A. Shakespeare's Marlowe: The Influence of Christopher Marlowe on Shakespeare's Artistry. Aldershot, Hants: Ashgate, 2007. ISBN 978-0-7546-5763-7
Nicholl, Charles. The Reckoning: The Murder of Christopher Marlowe, Vintage, 2002 (revised edition) ISBN 0-09-943747-3
Parker, John. The Aesthetics of Antichrist: From Christian Drama to Christopher Marlowe. Cornell University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-8014-4519-4
Riggs, David. "The World of Christopher Marlowe", Henry Holt and Co., 2005 ISBN 0-8050-8036-8
Shepard, Alan. "Marlowe's Soldiers: Rhetorics of Masculinity in the Age of the Armada", Ashgate, 2002. ISBN 0-7546-0229-X
Trow, M. J. Who Killed Kit Marlowe?, Sutton, 2002; ISBN 0-7509-2963-4
Ule, Louis. Christopher Marlowe (1564–1607): A Biography, Carlton Press, 1996. ISBN 0-8062-5028-3
Welsh, Louise. "Tamburlaine Must Die", novella based on the build up to Marlowe's death.
Wraight, A.D. and Virginia F. Stern, In Search of Christopher Marlowe: A Pictorial Biography, Macdonald, London 1965

外部連結

The Marlowe Society （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
The works of Marlowe at Perseus Project （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Works by Christopher Marlowe in e-book
BBC audio file （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. In Our Time Radio 4 discussion programme on Marlowe and his work
WorldCat 聯合目錄中克里斯托弗·馬洛的著作或與之相關的著作

[1] "Christopher Marlowe was baptised as 'Marlow,' but he spelled his name 'Marley' in his one known surviving signature." David Kathman. "The Spelling and Pronunciation of Shakespeare's Name: Pronunciation." （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[2] Robert A. Logan, Shakespeare's Marlowe (2007) p.4. "During Marlowe's lifetime, the popularity of his plays, Robert Greene's...remarks...including the designation "famous," and the many imitations of Tamburlaine suggest that he was for a brief time considered England's foremost dramatist."

[3] Nicholl, Charles (2006). "By my onely meanes sett downe: The Texts of Marlow's Atheism", in Kozuka, Takashi and Mulryne, J.R. Shakespeare, Marlowe, Jonson: new directions in biography. Ashgate Publishing, p. 153.

[4] This is commemorated by the name of the town's main theatre, the Marlowe Theatre, and by the town museums. However, St. George's was gutted by fire in the Baedeker raids and was demolished in the post-war period - only the tower is left, at the south end of Canterbury's High Street 存档副本. [2010-12-19]. （原始内容存档于2006-10-19）.

[5] Marlowe, Christopher （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） in Venn, J. & J. A., Alumni Cantabrigienses, Cambridge University Press, 10 vols, 1922–1958.

[6] Logan, Terence P; Denzell S. Smith (编). The Predecessors of Shakespeare: A Survey and Bibliography of Recent Studies in English Renaissance Drama. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. 1973.

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