不动杆菌属

不動桿菌屬
科学分类
域：	细菌域 Bacteria
门：	假單胞菌門 Pseudomonadota
纲：	γ-變形菌綱 Gammaproteobacteria
目：	假單胞菌目 Pseudomonadales
科：	莫拉氏菌科 Moraxellaceae
属：	不動桿菌屬 Acinetobacter Brison & Prévot, 1954
模式種
乙酸钙不动杆菌 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (Beijerinck 1911) Baumann et al. 1968

不动杆菌属（学名：Acinetobacter）為假单胞菌目莫拉氏菌科的一属好氧或兼性厌氧发酵型革兰氏阴性杆菌。杆状菌。广泛存在于自然界的土壤、水和污物中。此属的模式种为乙酸钙不动杆菌(Acinetobacter calcoaceticus)。

不动杆菌属非发酵菌是条件致病菌，当机体抵抗力降低时，容易引起机体的感染，是引起医院内感染的重要机会致病菌之一。本菌可引起呼吸道感染、败血症、脑膜炎、心内膜炎、伤口及皮肤感染、泌尿生殖道感染等。重症者可导致死亡。多见于老年人以及婴幼儿，以及犬科动物。

下属物种

本属包括以下物种：[1]

• Acinetobacter albensis Krizova et al. 2015
• Acinetobacter amyesii Nemec et al. 2022[2]
• Acinetobacter apis Kim et al. 2014
• 鲍曼不动杆菌 Acinetobacter baumannii Bouvet and Grimont 1986，鲍氏不动杆菌
• 贝氏不动杆菌 Acinetobacter baylyi Carr et al. 2003
• 拜氏不动杆菌 Acinetobacter beijerinckii Nemec et al. 2009
• 别雷斯不动杆菌 Acinetobacter bereziniae Nemec et al. 2010
• Acinetobacter bohemicus Krizova et al. 2015
• Acinetobacter boissieri Álvarez-Pérez et al. 2013
• 包氏不动杆菌 Acinetobacter bouvetii Carr et al. 2003，布氏不动杆菌
• Acinetobacter brisouii Anandham et al. 2011
• 乙酸钙不动杆菌 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (Beijerinck 1911) Baumann et al. 1968，醰酸钙不动杆菌
• Acinetobacter celticus Radolfova-Krizova et al. 2016
• 成都不动杆菌 Acinetobacter chengduensis Qin et al. 2020[3]
• 中华不动杆菌 Acinetobacter chinensis Hu et al. 2019
• Acinetobacter colistiniresistens Nemec et al. 2017
• Acinetobacter courvalinii Nemec et al. 2016
• Acinetobacter cumulans Qin et al. 2019
• Acinetobacter defluvii Hu et al. 2017
• Acinetobacter dijkshoorniae Cosgaya et al. 2016，为Acinetobacter lactucae Rooney et al. 2016的异名
• Acinetobacter dispersus Nemec et al. 2016
• Acinetobacter entericus Dong and Yang 2023[4]
• Acinetobacter equi Poppel et al. 2016
• Acinetobacter faecalis Chen et al. 2022[5]
• Acinetobacter gandensis Smet et al. 2014
• Acinetobacter gerneri Carr et al. 2003
• 格氏不动杆菌 Acinetobacter grimontii Carr et al. 2003，异名
• 广东不动杆菌 Acinetobacter guangdongensis Feng et al. 2014，异名
• Acinetobacter guerrae Carvalheira et al. 2020
• 桂林不动杆菌 Acinetobacter guillouiae Nemec et al. 2010
• Acinetobacter gyllenbergii Nemec et al. 2009
• 溶血不动杆菌 Acinetobacter haemolyticus (ex Stenzel and Mannheim 1963) Bouvet and Grimont 1986
• Acinetobacter halotolerans Dahal et al. 2017
• 哈尔滨不动杆菌 Acinetobacter harbinensis Li et al. 2014
• Acinetobacter higginsii Nemec et al. 2023[6]
• Acinetobacter ihumii Yacouba et al. 2023[7]，以分离出模式菌株的地中海感染研究所(Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, IHU-MI)的名字命名
• 印度不动杆菌 Acinetobacter indicus Malhotra et al. 2012
• 约氏不动杆菌 Acinetobacter johnsonii Bouvet and Grimont 1986，约翰逊不动杆菌
• 琼氏不动杆菌 Acinetobacter junii Bouvet and Grimont 1986，以美国人Elliot Juni的名字命名
• Acinetobacter kanungonis Das et al. 2021[8]
• Acinetobacter kookii Choi et al. 2013
• Acinetobacter lactucae Rooney et al. 2016
• Acinetobacter lanii Zhu et al. 2020[9]
• Acinetobacter larvae Liu et al. 2017
• 鲁氏不动杆菌 Acinetobacter lwoffii (Audureau 1940) Brisou and Prévot 1954
• Acinetobacter modestus Nemec et al. 2016
• Acinetobacter nematophilus Machado et al. 2023[10]
• Acinetobacter nectaris Álvarez-Pérez et al. 2013
• Acinetobacter nosocomialis Nemec et al. 2011
• 巴基斯坦不动杆菌 Acinetobacter pakistanensis Abbas et al. 2015，为Acinetobacter bohemicus Krizova et al. 2015的异名
• 帕氏不动杆菌 Acinetobacter parvus Nemec et al. 2003
• Acinetobacter pecorum Pallen 2024[11]
• Acinetobacter piscicola Liu et al. 2018
• 皮特不动杆菌 Acinetobacter pittii Nemec et al. 2011
• Acinetobacter populi Li et al. 2015
• Acinetobacter portensis Carvalheira et al. 2020[12]
• Acinetobacter pragensis Radolfova-Krizova et al. 2016
• Acinetobacter proteolyticus Nemec et al. 2016
• Acinetobacter pseudolwoffii Nemec et al. 2019
• 濮阳不动杆菌 Acinetobacter puyangensis Li et al. 2013
• 清丰不动杆菌 Acinetobacter qingfengensis Li et al. 2014
• 抗辐射不动杆菌 Acinetobacter radioresistens Nishimura et al. 1988
• Acinetobacter rudis Vaz-Moreira et al. 2011
• 申氏不动杆菌 Acinetobacter schindleri Nemec et al. 2001
• 沉积物不动杆菌 Acinetobacter sedimenti Zheng et al. 2022[13]
• Acinetobacter seifertii Nemec et al. 2015，以德国医学微生物学家Harald Seifert的名字命名
• 邵一鸣不动杆菌 Acinetobacter shaoyimingii Zhu et al. 2020[14]
• 四川不动杆菌 Acinetobacter sichuanensis Qin et al. 2018
• 土壤不动杆菌 Acinetobacter soli Kim et al. 2009
• Acinetobacter suaedae Xu et al. 2024[15]
• 坦氏不动杆菌 Acinetobacter tandoii Carr et al. 2003，潭氏不动杆菌
• 西藏不动杆菌 Acinetobacter tibetensis Pan et al. 2023[16]
• 特氏不动杆菌 Acinetobacter tjernbergiae Carr et al. 2003
• 汤氏不动杆菌 Acinetobacter towneri Carr et al. 2003
• 邬氏不动杆菌 Acinetobacter ursingii Nemec et al. 2001，以瑞典细菌学家和分类学家Jan Ursing的名字命名
• Acinetobacter variabilis Krizova et al. 2015
• 威尼斯不动杆菌 Acinetobacter venetianus (ex Di Cello et al. 1997) Vaneechoutte et al. 2009
• Acinetobacter vivianii Nemec et al. 2016
• Acinetobacter wanghuae Zhu et al. 2020[17]，以微生物学家王华教授的名字命名，他对肠出血性大肠杆菌、链球菌、耶尔森菌和几种临床重要病毒的系统发育和分子分型研究做出了贡献
• 武侯不动杆菌 Acinetobacter wuhouensis Hu et al. 2018，种名指四川省成都市武侯区

參考文獻

1. Acinetobacter Brisou & Prévot, 1954. GBIF. [2022-05-15]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-09）. 
2. Nemec A, Radolfova-Krizova L, Maixnerova M, Nemec M, Shestivska V, Spanelova P, Kyselkova M, Wilharm G, Higgins PG. Acinetobacter amyesii sp. nov., widespread in the soil and water environment and animals. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72:5642.
3. Qin J, Feng Y, Lu X, Zong Z. Characterization of Acinetobacter chengduensis sp. nov., isolated from hospital sewage and capable of acquisition of carbapenem resistance genes. Syst Appl Microbiol 2020; 43:126092.
4. Dong X, Yang Y. Acinetobacter entericus sp. nov., isolated from the gut of plastic-eating insect larvae Zophobas atratus. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:6006.
5. Chen XM, An DF, He SR, Yang SJ, Yang ZZ, Xiong LS, Li GD, Jiang MG, Jiang CL, Jiang Y. Acinetobacter faecalis Sp. Nov., Isolated from Elephant Faeces. Curr Microbiol 2022; 80:21.
6. Nemec A, Spanelova P, Shestivska V, Radolfova-Krizova L, Maixnerova M, Feng Y, Qin J, Cevallos MA, Zong Z. Proposal for Acinetobacter higginsii sp. nov. to accommodate organisms of human clinical origin previously classified as Acinetobacter genomic species 16. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:6114.
7. Yacouba A, Sissoko S, Tchoupou Saha OF, Haddad G, Dubourg G, Gouriet F, Tidjani Alou M, Alibar S, Million M, Lagier JC, et al. Description of Acinetobacter ihumii sp. nov., Microbacterium ihumii sp. nov., and Gulosibacter massiliensis sp. nov., three new bacteria isolated from human blood. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:0.
8. Das L, Deb S, Das SK. Description of Acinetobacter kanungonis sp. nov., based on phylogenomic analysis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71:4833.
9. Zhu W, Dong K, Yang J, Lu S, Lai XH, Pu J, Jin D, Huang Y, Zhang S, Zhou J, et al. Acinetobacter lanii sp. nov., Acinetobacter shaoyimingii sp. nov. and Acinetobacter wanghuae sp. nov., isolated from faeces of Equus kiang. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71:4567.
10. Machado RAR, Loulou A, Bhat AH, Mastore M, Terrettaz C, et al. Acinetobacter nematophilus sp. nov., Alcaligenes nematophilus sp. nov., Enterobacter nematophilus sp. nov., and Kaistia nematophila sp. nov., isolated from soil-borne nematodes and proposal for the elevation of Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. faecalis, Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. parafaecalis, and Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. phenolicus to the species level. Taxonomy 2023; 3:148-168.
11. Pallen MJ. Valid publication of names for bacterial species from the chicken gut. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74:6445.
12. Carvalheira A, Gonzales-Siles L, Salva-Serra F, Lindgren A, Svensson-Stadler L, Thorell K, Pineiro-Iglesias B, Karlsson R, Silva J, Teixeira P, et al. Acinetobacter portensis sp. nov. and Acinetobacter guerrae sp. nov., isolated from raw meat. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:4544-4554.
13. Zheng K, Hong Y, Guo Z, Debnath SC, Yan C, Li K, Chen G, Xu J, Wu F, Zheng D, et al. Acinetobacter sedimenti sp. nov., isolated from beach sediment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72:5609.
14. Zhu W, Dong K, Yang J, Lu S, Lai XH, Pu J, Jin D, Huang Y, Zhang S, Zhou J, et al. Acinetobacter lanii sp. nov., Acinetobacter shaoyimingii sp. nov. and Acinetobacter wanghuae sp. nov., isolated from faeces of Equus kiang. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71:4567.
15. Xu L, Zhao Y, Li Y, Sun JQ. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses provide new insights into the allelochemical degradation preference of a novel Acinetobacter strain. Environ Res 2024; 246:118145.
16. Pan H, Li J, Liu HH, Lu XY, Zhang YF, Tian Y. Acinetobacter tibetensis sp. nov., Isolated from a Soil Under a Greenhouse in Tibet. Curr Microbiol 2022; 80:51.
17. Zhu W, Dong K, Yang J, Lu S, Lai XH, Pu J, Jin D, Huang Y, Zhang S, Zhou J, et al. Acinetobacter lanii sp. nov., Acinetobacter shaoyimingii sp. nov. and Acinetobacter wanghuae sp. nov., isolated from faeces of Equus kiang. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71:4567.

• LPSN - List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature