特定の病原体への暴露がアレルギーのリスク低減に寄与するかもしれないという着想は新しいものではないが、公式にこの仮説を提示したのは1989年にBritish Medical Journalに掲載されたStrachanよる報告が初めてである。Strachanはこの報告で、いずれもアレルギー性疾患である花粉症や湿疹の発生率が家族の人数と負の相関を示すことを明らかにし、これに対して、子供時代に兄弟を通じてより多くの感染機会を持つことでアレルギー性疾患から守られるという説明を提案している[21]。元々アレルギー性疾患の増加は環境汚染の増加の影響であると考えられていたが[8]、Strachanの仮説は免疫学者や疫学者にとって慢性炎症性疾患の研究における重要な理論体系となる。
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^ abDaley, Denise (October 2014). “The evolution of the hygiene hypothesis”. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology14 (5): 390–396. doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000101. PMID25102107.
^ abcdefBjörkstén, Bengt (2009). “The Hygiene Hypothesis: Do we still believe in it?”. Microbial Host-Interaction: Tolerance versus allergy. Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series: Pediatric Program. 64. pp. 11–22. doi:10.1159/000235780. ISBN978-3-8055-9167-6. PMID19710512
^ abcdefvan Tilburg Bernardes, Erik; Arrieta, Marie-Claire (November 2017). “Hygiene Hypothesis in Asthma Development: Is Hygiene to Blame?”. Archives of Medical Research48 (8): 717–726. doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.11.009. PMID29224909.
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^Parker, W. (26 August 2014). “The 'hygiene hypothesis' for allergic disease is a misnomer”. BMJ349 (aug26 2): g5267. doi:10.1136/bmj.g5267. PMID25161287.
^Shu, Shang-An; Yuen, Agatha W. T.; Woo, Elena; Chu, Ka-Hou; Kwan, Hoi-Shan; Yang, Guo-Xiang; Yang, Yao; Leung, Patrick S. C. (18 December 2018). “Microbiota and Food Allergy”. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology57 (1): 83–97. doi:10.1007/s12016-018-8723-y. PMID30564985.
^Stene, Lars C; Nafstad, Per (February 2001). “Relation between occurrence of type 1 diabetes and asthma”. The Lancet357 (9256): 607–608. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04067-8. PMID11558491.
^ abcdLeong, Rupert W.; Mitrev, Nikola; Ko, Yanna (2016). “Hygiene Hypothesis: Is the Evidence the Same All Over the World?”. Digestive Diseases34 (1–2): 35–42. doi:10.1159/000442922. PMID26982573.
^Folkerts, Gert; Walzl, Gerhard; Openshaw, Peter J.M. (March 2000). “Do common childhood infections 'teach' the immune system not to be allergic?”. Immunology Today21 (3): 118–120. doi:10.1016/s0167-5699(00)01582-6. PMID10777250.
^Kramer, A.; Bekeschus, S.; Bröker, B.M.; Schleibinger, H.; Razavi, B.; Assadian, O. (February 2013). “Maintaining health by balancing microbial exposure and prevention of infection: the hygiene hypothesis versus the hypothesis of early immune challenge”. Journal of Hospital Infection83: S29–S34. doi:10.1016/S0195-6701(13)60007-9. PMID23453173.
^Weinberg, Eugene G. (February 2000). “Urbanization and childhood asthma: An African perspective”. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology105 (2): 224–231. doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(00)90069-1. PMID10669840.
^Bufford, Jeremy D.; Gern, James E. (May 2005). “The Hygiene Hypothesis Revisited”. Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America25 (2): 247–262. doi:10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005. PMID15878454.
^Lambrecht, Bart N; Hammad, Hamida (1 October 2017). “The immunology of the allergy epidemic and the hygiene hypothesis”. Nature Immunology18 (10): 1076–1083. doi:10.1038/ni.3829. PMID28926539.
^Marra, Fawziah; Lynd, Larry; Coombes, Megan; Richardson, Kathryn; Legal, Michael; FitzGerald, J. Mark; Marra, Carlo A. (March 2006). “Does Antibiotic Exposure During Infancy Lead to Development of Asthma?”. Chest129 (3): 610–618. doi:10.1378/chest.129.3.610. PMID16537858.
^Thavagnanam, S.; Fleming, J.; Bromley, A.; Shields, M. D.; Cardwell, C. R. (April 2008). “A meta-analysis of the association between Caesarean section and childhood asthma”. Clinical & Experimental Allergy38 (4): 629–633. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02780.x. PMID18352976.
^Taché, J.; Carpentier, B. (January 2014). “Hygiene in the home kitchen: Changes in behaviour and impact of key microbiological hazard control measures”. Food Control35 (1): 392–400. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.07.026.
^Ege, Markus J. (November 2017). “The Hygiene Hypothesis in the Age of the Microbiome”. Annals of the American Thoracic Society14 (Supplement_5): S348–S353. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201702-139AW. PMID29161087.
関連文献
Finlay, B. Brett; Arrieta, Marie-Claire (2016). Let Them Eat Dirt. Algonquin Books. ISBN978-1616207380
Rook, G. A. W.; Adams, V.; Palmer, R.; Brunet, L. Rosa; Hunt, J.; Martinelli, R. (1 February 2004). “Mycobacteria and other environmental organisms as immunomodulators for immunoregulatory disorders”. Springer Seminars in Immunopathology25 (3–4): 237–255. doi:10.1007/s00281-003-0148-9. PMID15007629.