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^Calder, Norman (2009). "Law. Legal Thought and Jurisprudence". In John L. Esposito (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2017年7月31日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2017年7月4日閲覧。
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^ abcdefghSilvia Tellenbach (2015), "Islamic Criminal Law", In The Oxford Handbook of Criminal Law (Ed: Markus D. Dubber and Tatjana Hornle), Oxford University Press, ISBN978-0199673599, pp. 251-253
^Abou El Fadl, Khaled, The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists, by Khaled Abou El Fadl, Harper San Francisco, 2005, p.242
^Silvia Tellenbach (2015), "Islamic Criminal Law", In The Oxford Handbook of Criminal Law (Ed: Markus D. Dubber and Tatjana Hornle), Oxford University Press, ISBN978-0199673599, pp. 251-253
^Peters & De Vries (1976), Apostasy in Islam, Die Welt des Islams, Vol. 17, Issue 1/4, pp 1-25
^J Rehman (2010), "Freedom of expression, apostasy, and blasphemy within Islam: Sharia, criminal justice systems, and modern Islamic state practices", Criminal Justice Matters, 79(1), pp. 4-5, doi:10.1080/09627250903569841
^Julie Chadbourne (1999), Never wear your shoes after midnight: Legal trends under the Pakistan Zina Ordinance, Wisconsin International Law Journal, Vol. 17, pp. 179-234
^Reza Aslan (2004), "The Problem of Stoning in the Islamic Penal Code: An Argument for Reform", UCLA Journal of Islamic and Near East Law, Vol 3, No. 1, pp. 91-119
^ abPeters, R. (2012). "Zinā or Zināʾ". In P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs (ed.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_8168。
^Z. Mir-Hosseini (2011), Criminalizing sexuality: zina laws as violence against women in Muslim contexts, SUR-International Journal on Human Rights, 8(15), pp 7-33
^Z. Mir-Hosseini (2011), Criminalizing sexuality: zina laws as violence against women in Muslim contexts, SUR-International Journal on Human Rights, 8(15), pp 7-33
^Camilla Adang (2003), Ibn Hazam on Homosexuality, Al Qantara, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 5-31
^“New Fatwas”. 2017年11月13日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。September 7, 2017閲覧。 “In field of governmental chapters of Islamic Jurisprudence, the prophet (s.a.w.a) and the infallible Imams and the perfect and just jurists are allowed to alter those [hudud] provisions, based on the general rules of Islamic jurisprudence and according to the general interests of Islamic Umma.”
^Kadivar, Mohsen. “Ayatollah Khomeini's Political Theory and Public Interest”. 2017年9月8日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。September 7, 2017閲覧。 “The absolute guardianship of jurist (al-wilayat al-mutlaqah lil-faqih) is the same as the guardianship that God gave the Prophet [of Islam] and [Shi’ite] Imams. It is one of the most prominent shari’a ordinances (al-ahkam al-ilahiyya), that has priority over ALL shari’a ordinances.”