^Chambers, Keith S.; Munro, Doug (June 1980). “The Mystery of Gran Cocal: European Discovery and Mis-Discovery in Tuvalu”. The Journal of the Polynesian Society89 (2): 167–198. JSTOR20705476.
^Laumua Kofe (1980). Tuvalu: A History, Palagi and Pastors, Ch. 15. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific and Government of Tuvalu
^Goldsmith, Michael; Munro, Doug (2002). The accidental missionary: tales of Elekana. Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, University of Canterbury. ISBN1877175331
^ abNewton, W.F. (June 1967). “The Early Population of the Ellice Islands”. The Journal of the Polynesian Society76 (2): 197–204. JSTOR20704460.
^Maude, H.E. (1981). Slavers in paradise : the Peruvian labour trade in Polynesia, 1862-1864. Australian National University Press. ISBN9780708116074
^The figure of 250 taken from Nukulaelae is given by Laumua Kofe, Palagi and Pastors, Tuvalu: A History, Ch. 15, U.S.P. & Tuvalu (1983)
^The figure of 250 taken from Nukulaelae is stated by Richard Bedford, Barrie Macdonald & Doug Munro, Population Estimates for Kiribati and Tuvalu (1980) 89(1) Journal of the Polynesian Society 199
^ abSuamalie N.T. Iosefa; Doug Munro; Niko Besnier (1991). Tala O Niuoku, Te: the German Plantation on Nukulaelae Atoll 1865-1890. Institute of Pacific Studies. ISBN9820200733