↑ a et b(en) D. Richard Laws, William T. O'Donohue, Sexual Deviance : Theory, Assessment, and Treatment, New York, Guilford Press, , 642 p. (ISBN978-1-59385-605-2 et 1-59385-605-9, lire en ligne), p. 397–398.
↑(en) Brenda Love, The Encyclopedia of Unusual Sex Practices, Barricade Books, , 336 p. (ISBN1-56980-011-1), p. 146.