Marine Expeditionary Unit

Marine Expeditionary Unit
Cadre
Type
Classe arme-type-taille d'unité militaireVoir et modifier les données sur Wikidata
Un Landing Craft Utility retournant au USS Belleau Wood qui appartient au 11th MEU.

Une Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU), auparavant appelée Marine Amphibious Unit (MAU), est la plus petite force opérationnelle air-sol de Marines (MAGTF) du Corps des Marines des États-Unis[1]. Chaque MEU est une force expéditionnaire rapidement déployable et prête pour une réponse immédiate pour n'importe quelle crise[2].

Une Marine Expeditionary Unit est normalement construite autour des composants essentiels d'une MAGTF : un bataillon d'infanterie de Marines pour le combat au sol, l'aviation de combat est fournie par un escadron mixte d'hélicoptères, d'un logistics combat element de la taille d'un bataillon, et d'un élément de commandement. Une MEU est forte d'environ 2 200 marines, commandés par un colonel, et est déployée à partir d'un navire d'assaut amphibie.

Composantes

Une MEU typique est composée d'environ 2 200 Marines et marins. Il est équipé dans les années 2000 de :

Qté Nom Élément
4 M1 Abrams Sol
7 à 16 Véhicule blindé léger Sol
15 Amphibious Assault Vehicle Sol
6 155mm howitzer: M198 ou M777 Sol
8 Mortier de 81 mm M252 Sol
8 Missile antichar BGM-71 TOW Sol
8 missile antichar FGM-148 Javelin Sol
4 AH-1W SuperCobra aviation
3 UH-1N Twin Huey aviation
12 CH-46E Sea Knight aviation
6 CH-53E Super Stallion aviation
6 Avion de combat AV-8B Harrier aviation
2 KC-130 Hercules (avion de transport et de ravitaillement)
Note: généralement maintenue dans les États-Unis contigus
aviation
2 unité de purification de l'eau à osmose inversé logistique
1 Unité Purificateur d'eau LMT 3000 logistique
4 Tractor, Rubber Tire, Articulated Steering logistique
2 Chariot élévateur tout terrain TX51-19M logistique
3 Bulldozer D7 logistique
1 Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement dump truck logistique
4 Mk48 Logistics Vehicle System logistique
7 conteneurs de 500 gallons d'eau multiple
63 Humvee multiple
30 Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement multiple

De nombreux types de matériel sont, ou seront bientôt en phase transitoire car ils sont remplacés. Par exemple les MV-22 Osprey ont remplacé les CH-46 entre 2004 et 2014.

Liste des MEU

MEU de la côte ouest

Les MEU de la côte ouest relèvent de la I Marine Expeditionary Force, et leur principale zone d'opérations comprend l'ouest de l'océan Pacifique et l'océan Indien (en incluant le golfe Persique)[3].

Nom officiel Insigne QG
11th Marine Expeditionary Unit Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Californie
13th Marine Expeditionary Unit
Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Californie
15th Marine Expeditionary Unit
Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Californie

MEU de la côte est

Les MEU de la côte est relèvent de la II Marine Expeditionary Force, et leur principale zone d'opérations comprend l'ouest de l'océan Atlantique et la mer Méditerranée[3]

Nom officiel Insigne QG
22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit
Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, Caroline du Nord
24th Marine Expeditionary Unit
Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, Caroline du Nord
26th Marine Expeditionary Unit
Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, Caroline du Nord

MEU du Japon

La 31st MEU est la MEU à être posté en permanence au Japon, maintenant une présence dans l'océan Pacifique, à tout moment, dans le cadre de la III Marine Expeditionary Force[3].

Nom officiel Insigne QG
31st Marine Expeditionary Unit
Marine Corps Base Camp Hansen
Okinawa

Références

  1. What is a MEU? « Copie archivée » (version du sur Internet Archive) II MEF website
  2. What is a MEU? 22nd MEU website
  3. a b et c profile at GlobalSecurity.org

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