Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. (eds.) 1993. Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45: i–xl, 1–1286.
Brown, G. K. & A. J. Gilmartin. 1989. Chromosome numbers in Bromeliaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 76(5): 657–665.
Jørgensen, P. M. & C. Ulloa Ulloa. 1994. Seed plants of the high Andes of Ecuador—A checklist. AAU Rep. 34: 1–443.
Smith, L. B. 1936. Bromeliaceae, Flora of Peru. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(1/3): 495–592. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Smith, L.B. & R. J. Downs. 1977. Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae), Part II. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 14(2): 663–1492.