Zafar Ali Khan

Zafar Ali Khan
Maulana Zafar Ali Khan
Born1873
Kot Mehrath, Sialkot District, Punjab, British India (today Pakistan)
Died27 November 1956(1956-11-27) (aged 82–83)
Wazirabad, West Pakistan, Pakistan
Occupation(s)Islamic scholar
Poet
Journalist
RelativesRaja Mehdi Ali Khan (nephew)
Tomb of Zafar Ali Khan

Zafar Ali Khan (1873 – 27 November 1956) (Punjabi: ظفرؔ علی خان – Ẓafar ʿAlī Xān), also known as Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, was a Pakistani writer, poet, translator and a journalist[1] who played an important role in the Pakistan Movement against the British rule.[2][3]

Well-versed in Islamic as well Western knowledge such as the latest trends in economics, sociology and politics, he has been considered as one of the fathers of Urdu journalism.[4]

Early life and education

Zafar was born in 1873 into a Punjabi family of the Rajput Janjua clan,[5] as per the contemporary report of 1920.

He received his early education at Mission High School, Wazirabad, Wazirabad District,[6] matriculated (10th grade) from Patiala, and passed his intermediate (12th grade) from the Aligarh College in 1895. Next, he worked in the postal department of the state of Jammu and Kashmir, the same place where his father worked, but resigned over a row with his seniors.[6][7] He rejoined Aligarh College and gained his BA degree from there; stood fifth in his batch.

Career

Journalism

After graduation, Khan was appointed secretary to a Muslim political leader Mohsin-ul-Mulk, then in Bombay. Then he worked for some time as a translator in Hyderabad, Deccan, rising to the post of Secretary, Home Department. He returned from Hyderabad and took over the daily Zamindar newspaper from Lahore in 1908, founded by his father Maulvi Sirajuddin Ahmad in 1903. At one time, this newspaper was an important newspaper of the Punjab.[6][8][7][9]

Relation with the Ahmadiyya Movement

Zafar Ali Khan's relationship with the Ahmadiyya was belligerent. He was among the vanguard, who censured Mirza Ghulam Ahmad from Qadian by writing satirical poems against him. He even wrote the preface to the book "His Holiness", which was written as a refutation of the Ahmadiyya movement.[10] Later on, when Pakistan was created, he was an ardent participant in the 1953 Tehreek e Khatm e Nabuwat (a movement against the Ahmadis), writing articles against them.

Poetry

He chose to write in Urdu. Khan's interest in poetry began in his childhood. His poems have religious and political sentiments.[3] He was especially versed in impromptu compositions. His poetical output includes Baharistan, Nigaristan, and Chamanistan. His other works are Marka-e-Mazhab-o-Science, Ghalba-e-Rum, Sayr-e-Zulmet and an opera Jang-e-Roos-o-Japan.[8][11]

Death and legacy

He died on 27 November 1956, and was buried in Wazirabad, Punjab.[8] His funeral prayer was led by his companion and friend Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi.[1]

Muhammad Ali Jinnah with Maulana Zafar Ali Khan at Badshahi Mosque in 1940

Sahiwal Stadium, а multi-purpose stadium in Sahiwal, Punjab, was renamed as Zafar Ali Stadium in his honour. It is used for football and cricket games. The stadium holds 10,000 people.

Zafar Ali Khan was an active member of the Khilafat Movement and a close associate of Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar.[8]

S. M. Ikram, a noted Pakistani scholar and historian writes about Zafar Ali Khan:

"He was young, forceful and courageous, and enthusiastically responded to the new political trends. In his hands the Zamindar became the most influential Urdu daily of Northern India and his role in politics was second only to that of Ali Brothers and Abul Kalam Azad during the Khilafat movement".[6]

Later, he also served the Pakistan Movement and was an outspoken activist against British rule.[8] Recognising Zafar Ali Khan's contributions to the Pakistan Movement, the Punjab government in Pakistan established a 'Maulana Zafar Ali Khan Trust' that initiated the 'Zafar Ali Khan Award' for outstanding journalists to be awarded every year.[14] A public degree college in Wazirabad is named after him as Government Maulana Zafar Ali Khan Degree College.

Commemorative postage stamp

Pakistan Post issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honor in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series.[8]

Books

Some of his notable publications include:

Poetry

  • Bahāristān[8]
  • Nigāristān[8]
  • Camanistān[8]
  • Rahāristān
  • Armag̲h̲ān-i Qādiyān
  • Kulliyāt-i Maulānā Ẓafar ʻAlī K̲h̲ān
  • Ḥabsiyāt
  • Nashīd-i Shīrāz, collection of Persian poems and articles published in different periodicals
  • K̲h̲amistān-i Ḥijāz, poetry about Muhammad

Essays

  • G̲h̲albah-yi Rūm : ek tārīk̲h̲ī tafsīr, historical commentary of Sūrat ar-Rūm on the victory of Romans over the Persians and the Muslims over the Meccan polytheists as predicted by Koran in AD 615[8]
  • Taqārīr-i Maulānā Ẓafar ʻAlī K̲h̲ān̲, speeches of the author, especially in regard with the Khilafat movement
  • Lat̤āʼifuladab, on the relation between literature and Islam
  • Mʻaās̲h̲irat, on the social sciences
  • Jamāluddīn Afg̲h̲ānī : yaʻnī itiḥād-i Islāmī ke muharrik-i aʻzīm, Misr, Ṭarkī, Īrān aur Hindūstān ke z̲arīʻah ʻalim-i Islām man̲, biography of the Muslim reformer and independence fighter Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī

Plays

Translations

See also

Wikiquote has quotations related to Zafar Ali Khan.

Notes

Quaid-e-Azam with Maulana Zafar Ali Khan

Maulana would never miss a chance to snub the British government and the Heavens had provided him ample opportunities to carry out his sacred mission. Shaheed Ghazi Ilam Din had killed a blasphemous person and was sent to gallows in the Mianwali jail. The government buried him in Mianwali which infuriated the Muslims in Punjab. They protested and made a unanimous demand to bring Shaeed's body to Lahore but no one was prepared to give coverage to their voice as Hindus dominated most of the newspapers in the old Punjab before 1947. A large procession led by Lal Din Qaiser reached the office of Zamindar in 1903 newspaper which was the only hope for the Muslims at that time and succeeded in getting newspaper coverage for their event.

References

  1. ^ a b Rauf Parekh (19 November 2012). "Pakistani writers show renewed interest in Zafar Ali Khan's works". Dawn newspaper. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  2. ^ Raja Asad Ali Khan (27 November 2012). "Profile of Maulana Zafar Ali Khan – the history maker". The Nation newspaper. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  3. ^ a b Markus Daechsel (1 June 2002). Politics of Self-Expression. Routledge. pp. 64–. ISBN 978-1-134-38371-9. Retrieved 4 July 2018 – via Google Books.
  4. ^ "Maulana Zafar Ali Khan (profile)". The Nation newspaper. 27 November 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  5. ^ Lord William, Hunter; Jagat, Narayan (1920). Report of the Committee Appointed in the Government of India to Investigate the Disturbances in the Punjab, Etc. Vol. 5. p. 253.
  6. ^ a b c d "Profile of Zafar Ali Khan". Storyofpakistan.com website. 1 January 2007. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  7. ^ a b "Profile of Maulana Zafar Ali Khan (1874–1956)". Journalismpakistan.com website. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Profile and commemorative postage stamp image of Zafar Ali Khan". Cybercity-online.net website. Archived from the original on 22 November 2010. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  9. ^ Ayesha Jalal (2000). Self and sovereignty: individual and community in South Asian Islam since 1850. Psychology Press. pp. 184–. ISBN 978-0-415-22077-4.
  10. ^ Phoenix. "His Holiness by Phoenix (Preface by Maulana Zafar Ali Khan)" (PDF).
  11. ^ K. C. Kanda (1 January 2005). Masterpieces of patriotic Urdu poetry: text, translation, and transliteration. Sterling Publishers Pvt. pp. 161–. ISBN 978-81-207-2893-6.
  12. ^ A popular Naat written by Zafar Ali Khan on YouTube
  13. ^ Zafar Ali Khan's Naat sung by Muneeba Sheikh
  14. ^ 'Zafar Ali Khan Award' for outstanding journalists initiated The Nation newspaper, published 18 January 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2024