en Westphal%27s sign

Westphal's sign
Westphal's sign
	Patellar tendon reflex arc
Differential diagnosis	Peripheral nerve disease, Motor cortex lesion

Westphal's sign is the clinical correlate of the absence or decrease of patellar reflex or knee jerk. Patellar reflex or knee jerk is a kind of deep or stretch reflex where an application of a stimulus to the patellar tendon such as strike by a solid object or hammer caused the leg to extend due to such stimulus causes the quadriceps femoris muscle to contract.^{[citation needed]}

It is named for Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal (1833–1890).^[1]^[2]

Associated conditions

Westphal's sign has a clinical significance used in determining neurological disorders or diseases such as:^{[citation needed]}

receptor damage, peripheral nerve disease, involving the dorsal(sensory) columns of the spinal cord and cerebellar lesions
lesions present within the motor cortex of the brain or the pyramidal tracts which it combined with muscular spasms^{[clarification needed]}
complete interruption of sensory and/or motor impulse transmission in the femoral nerve

References

^ synd/945 at Who Named It?
^ C. F. O. Westphal (1875). Über einige durch mechanische Einwirkung auf Sehnen und Muskeln hervorgebrachte Bewegungs-Erscheinungen. Vol. 5. Berlin: Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten. pp. 803–834.

Jensen, David Ph.D. (1976). The Principles of Physiology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

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[1] synd/945 at Who Named It?

[2] C. F. O. Westphal (1875). Über einige durch mechanische Einwirkung auf Sehnen und Muskeln hervorgebrachte Bewegungs-Erscheinungen. Vol. 5. Berlin: Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten. pp. 803–834.

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