Weiyang Palace

Weiyang Palace
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Historic site of Weiyang Palace
Official nameSite of Weiyang Palace in Chang'an City of the Western Han dynasty
LocationXi'an, Shaanxi, China
Part ofSilk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor
CriteriaCultural: ii, iii, iv, vi
Reference1442-001
Inscription2014 (38th Session)
Area611.09 ha (2.3594 sq mi)
Buffer zone5,422.02 ha (20.9345 sq mi)
Coordinates34°18′16″N 108°51′26″E / 34.30444°N 108.85722°E / 34.30444; 108.85722
Weiyang Palace is located in China
Weiyang Palace
Location of Weiyang Palace in China
Weiyang Palace
Qing dynasty illustration of Weiyang Palace and Changle Palace
Chinese未央宮
Literal meaningThe Endless Palace
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinWèiyānggōng
Bopomofoㄨㄟˋ ㄧㄤ ㄍㄨㄥ
Wade–GilesWei4-yang1-kung1
IPA[wêɪ.jáŋ.kʊ́ŋ]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationMeihyēunggūng
Jyutpingmei6 joeng1 gung1
IPA[mej˨.jœŋ˥.kʊŋ˥]

The Weiyang Palace (Chinese: 未央宮) was the main imperial palace complex of the Han dynasty and numerous other Chinese dynasties, located in the city of Chang'an (modern-day Xi'an). It was built in 200 BC at the request of the Emperor Gaozu of Han, under the supervision of his prime minister Xiao He. It served as the administrative centre and imperial residence of the Western Han, the Xin dynasty, the Eastern Han (during the reign of the Emperor Xian of Han), the Western Jin (during the reign of the Emperor Min of Jin), the Han-Zhao, the Former Qin, the Later Qin, the Western Wei, the Northern Zhou, and the early Sui dynasty.

The palace survived until the Tang dynasty when it was burned down by marauding invaders en route to the Tang capital Chang'an. This was the largest palace ever built on Earth,[1] covering 4.8 km2 (1,200 acres), which is 6.7 times the size of the current Forbidden City, or 11 times the size of the Vatican City.[2] Today, little remains of the former palace. The site of the palace, along with many other sites along the eastern section of the Silk Road, was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014.

Name

"Weiyang" (未央) literally means "(something) hasn't reached its midpoint", "has more than a half to go", but colloquially it can be translated as "endless", which is probably what the name is actually alluding to. Together with the name of Changle Palace (長樂宮, perpetual happiness), which was built 2 years before, it can be interpreted to mean, "The perpetual happiness hasn't reached its midpoint yet."

Description

Weiyang palace was sited to the southwest of Han dynasty Chang'an and is therefore also called the Western Palace (西宫). Surrounded by walls, the palace complex was rectangular, with a length of 2,150 metres east–west and 2,250 metres north–south. Each side of the walls had a single main gate, with the eastern and northern gates (facing Chang'an city) built with gate towers.

Major architectures within the palace include:

  • Front Hall (前殿)
  • Xuanshi Hall (宣室殿)
  • Wenshi Hall (温室殿)
  • Qingliang Hall (清凉殿)
  • Jinhua Hall (金华殿)
  • Chengming Hall (承明殿)
  • Gaomen Hall (高门殿)
  • Baihu Hall (白虎殿)
  • Yutang Hall (玉堂殿)
  • Xuande Hall (宣德殿)
  • Jiaofang Hall (椒房殿)
  • Zhaoyang Hall (昭阳殿)
  • Bailiang Platform (柏梁台)
  • Qilin Pavilion (麒麟阁)
  • Tianlu Pavilion (天禄阁)
  • Shiqu Pavilion (石渠阁)

References

  1. ^ Spilsbury, Louise (2019). Ancient China. p. 20. ISBN 9781515725596.
  2. ^ "Weiyang Palace: the Largest Palace Ever Built on Earth". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Historic Site of Weiyang Palace.